A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who collapsed after playing football on a hot day. After reviewing the admission laboratory findings, the nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following conditions?

Choice A reason: In acute kidney injury (AKI), the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is expected to be elevated due to the kidneys' impaired ability to excrete urea, which is a waste product of protein metabolism. Normal BUN levels range from approximately 7 to 20 mg/dL.

Choice B reason: Hypercalcemia is not commonly associated with AKI. Instead, patients with AKI may experience hypocalcemia due to the kidneys' reduced ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, which is necessary for calcium absorption.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not a typical finding in AKI. More commonly, patients with AKI experience metabolic acidosis because the kidneys are unable to excrete acid effectively, leading to an accumulation of acid in the body.

Choice D reason: Hypokalemia is generally not expected in AKI. The condition is more often associated with hyperkalemia, as the impaired kidney function leads to a reduced excretion of potassium, which can accumulate to dangerous levels.

Choice A reason: Fever can occur if the renal calculus leads to infection, which is a common complication associated with kidney stones.

Choice B reason: Urinary urgency is a symptom that can be associated with renal calculi, especially if the stones are

located in the lower part of the urinary tract.

Choice C reason: Incontinence is not typically a direct symptom of renal calculi, but it may occur secondary to other symptoms or complications.

Choice D reason: Gastrointestinal upset is not a common symptom of renal calculus, although some patients may experience nausea and vomiting.

Choice E reason: Flank pain is a classic symptom of renal calculus, often described as severe and colicky, radiating from the back towards the groin.