A nurse is caring for four clients on the urology unit. Which of the following clients should the nurse plan to teach about kidney stone prevention?
The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of periorbital edema, dark frothy urine, and elevated blood pressure.
The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of severe flank pain, nausea, and vomiting.
The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of polyuria, nocturia, proteinuria, and a palpable kidney mass.
The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of urinary urgency, weak urine stream, and dysuria.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Periorbital edema, dark frothy urine, and elevated blood pressure are more indicative of conditions like nephrotic syndrome rather than kidney stones.
Choice B reason: Severe flank pain, nausea, and vomiting are classic symptoms associated with kidney stones, and such clients should be educated on kidney stone prevention.
Choice C reason: Polyuria, nocturia, proteinuria, and a palpable kidney mass could suggest other renal issues, but not specifically kidney stones.
Choice D reason: Urinary urgency, weak urine stream, and dysuria could be symptoms of a urinary tract infection or prostate issues in males, rather than kidney stones.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a condition where there is damage to the renal tubular cells, which can lead to a decrease in GFR. This is because the tubular cells are responsible for reabsorbing substances from the filtrate back into the blood. When these cells are injured, they cannot function properly, leading to a buildup of waste products and a decrease in GFR.
Choice B reason: While obstruction can lead to a decrease in GFR, it is not the primary cause in the context of acute tubular necrosis. Obstruction typically occurs in postrenal causes of acute kidney injury.
Choice C reason: In?ammatory cells do invade damaged kidneys, but this is more characteristic of conditions such as acute interstitial nephritis rather than ATN. In ATN, the primary issue is the injury to the tubular cells themselves.
Choice D reason: A reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, or prerenal azotemia, can indeed lead to a decrease in GFR. However, in the context of ATN, the primary issue is not the blood flow but the damage to the renal tubules.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.
Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.
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