A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic who has a distended bladder with discomfort over the area and a sense of fullness. Which of the following tests should the nurse expect the health care provider to order to determine if the client has urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale: Potassium is primarily excreted by the kidneys. While adequate renal function is necessary, the standard minimum urine output for adults is 30 mL/hour rather than 1 mL/kg/hour.

Choice B rationale: Low potassium levels (2.5 mEq/L) require long-term management. Educating the client on potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes helps prevent future depletion and supports overall electrolyte balance.

Choice C rationale: Severe hypokalemia and rapid IV replacement increase the risk of lethal cardiac dysrhythmias. Continuous ECG monitoring is vital to detect life-threatening changes in cardiac conduction and rhythm.

Choice D rationale: Following intravenous replacement, serum levels must be re-evaluated to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment and ensure the client does not develop iatrogenic hyperkalemia.

Choice E rationale: Dextrose stimulates insulin secretion, which causes an intracellular shift of potassium. This can lead to a further decrease in serum potassium levels, worsening the client's hypokalemia.

Choice A reason: An elevated creatinine level indicates reduced kidney function, which is often the reason a kidney biopsy is being performed in the first place. It is not a contraindication for the procedure.

Choice B reason: Urinary retention does not directly impact the ability to perform a kidney biopsy, as the procedure involves the kidneys and not the lower urinary tract where urine is stored.

Choice C reason: Flank pain is a common symptom in patients with kidney issues and is not a contraindication for a kidney biopsy. The procedure may help diagnose the cause of the ?ank pain.

Choice D reason: Bleeding tendencies are a significant contraindication for a kidney biopsy. Patients with a history of bleeding disorders or those on anticoagulant therapy are at increased risk of bleeding complications from the procedure.