A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis.

Which of the following should the nurse identify as an associated risk factor?

Family history.

BMI less than 25.

Hypocalcemia.

Diuretic use.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is choice a. Family history.

Choice A rationale:

Family history is a well-known risk factor for urolithiasis. If a close relative has had kidney stones, the likelihood of developing them increases due to genetic predispositions.

Choice B rationale:

A BMI less than 25 is generally considered normal or healthy weight and is not typically associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis. In fact, obesity is more commonly linked to a higher risk of kidney stones.

Choice C rationale:

Hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels in the blood, is not a common risk factor for urolithiasis. High calcium levels in the urine (hypercalciuria) are more often associated with the formation of kidney stones.

Choice D rationale:

Diuretic use can sometimes be associated with kidney stones, but it depends on the type of diuretic. Thiazide diuretics, for example, are often used to prevent calcium stones by reducing calcium excretion in the urine.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is: A

Choice A Reason: Hypokalemia refers to a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the bloodstream. Normal potassium levels are typically between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L. In the context of nephrotic syndrome and high-dose corticosteroid therapy, hypokalemia can occur due to increased urinary potassium losses caused by corticosteroid-induced alterations in kidney function. Corticosteroids can promote the excretion of potassium, leading to a deficiency.

Choice B Reason: Hypomagnesemia is a condition where there is a magnesium deficiency in the blood, with normal levels usually ranging between 1.7 and 2.2 mg/dL. While it can occur in nephrotic syndrome due to urinary losses of proteins that bind magnesium, it is not typically associated with corticosteroid therapy. Therefore, it is less likely to be monitored in this specific scenario.

Choice C Reason: Hypermagnesemia indicates an abnormally high level of magnesium in the blood. This condition is relatively rare and is not commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome or corticosteroid therapy. It is more often related to renal failure or excessive intake of magnesium-containing medications or supplements.

Choice D Reason: Hyperkalemia is characterized by an elevated level of potassium in the blood, with normal levels being 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. While hyperkalemia can occur in nephrotic syndrome due to the loss of albumin in the urine, which can affect calcium and potassium binding, corticosteroid therapy typically causes a decrease in potassium levels, making hypokalemia a more relevant concern in this context.

A. Behavioral indicators and effect. B. Scheduled treatments and client illness. C. Pulse and blood pressure findings. D. A self-report pain rating scale.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Behavioral indicators are the most reliable way to assess pain in a client with expressive aphasia as they may not be able to verbally communicate their pain.
Choice B rationale:
Scheduled treatments and client illness do not directly indicate the client’s pain level.
Choice C rationale:
Pulse and blood pressure findings can be influenced by many factors and are not the most reliable indicators of pain.
Choice D rationale:
A self-report pain rating scale would not be effective for a client with expressive aphasia as they may have difficulty understanding and using the scale.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an associated risk factor?

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis.

Which of the following should the nurse identify as an associated risk factor?