A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because magnesium is not a medication for symptomatic bradycardia. Magnesium is a mineral that regulates muscle and nerve function, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. Magnesium can be used to treat conditions such as torsades de pointes, eclampsia, or hypomagnesemia.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because sodium bicarbonate is not a medication for symptomatic bradycardia. Sodium bicarbonate is a substance that neutralizes acids and bases and regulates the pH of the blood. Sodium bicarbonate can be used to treat conditions such as metabolic acidosis, cardiac arrest, or overdose of certain drugs.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because epinephrine is not a medication for symptomatic bradycardia. Epinephrine is a hormone that activates the sympathetic nervous system and increases the heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to the muscles and brain. Epinephrine can be used to treat conditions such as anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, or severe asthma.

Choice D Reason: This is correct because atropine is a medication for symptomatic bradycardia. Atropine blocks the action of the parasympathetic nervous system and increases the heart rate and conduction. Atropine is a medication that blocks the action of the parasympathetic nervous system and increases the heart rate and conduction.

Symptomatic bradycardia is a condition where the heart rate is slower than normal and causes symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, chest pain, or fainting. Atropine can be used to treat symptomatic bradycardia by stimulating the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node, which are the natural pacemakers of the heart.

Choice A: Check the tubing connections for leaks is not an action that the nurse should take. Leaks in the tubing connections can cause continuous or intermitent bubbling in the water seal chamber, not in the suction control chamber. The water seal chamber is the part of the closed chest drainage system that prevents air from entering the pleural space and allows air to escape from the chest tube. The nurse should check the tubing connections for leaks if there is bubbling in the water seal chamber and tighten them if necessary.

Choice B: Check the suction control outlet on the wall is not an action that the nurse should take. The suction control outlet on the wall is the source of negative pressure that helps drain fluid and air from the pleural space and maintain a patent chest tube. The suction control chamber is the part of the closed chest drainage system that regulates the amount of negative pressure applied to the chest tube. The nurse should check the suction control outlet on the wall if there is no bubbling in the suction control chamber and adjust it as prescribed.

Choice C: Continue to monitor the client's respiratory status is an action that the nurse should take. Slow, steady bubbling in the suction control chamber is an expected finding that indicates that the suction is working properly and that there are no leaks in the system. The nurse should continue to monitor the client's respiratory status and assess for signs of respiratory distress, such as dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, or decreased oxygen saturation.

Choice D: Clamping the chest tube is not an action that the nurse should take. Clamping the chest tube can cause a tension pneumothorax, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by a buildup of air in the pleural space that compresses the lung and shifts the mediastinum. The nurse should only clamp the chest tube temporarily and briefly for specific purposes, such as changing or troubleshooting the drainage system, or as prescribed by the provider.