A nurse is caring for a client who came to the emergency department reporting chest pain. The provider suspects a myocardial infarction. While waiting for the troponin levels report, the client asks what this blood test will show.
Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide to the client?

Troponin is an enzyme that indicates damage to brain, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues.

Troponin is a heart muscle protein that appears in the bloodstream when there is damage to the heart.

Troponin is a protein that helps transport oxygen throughout the body.

Troponin is a lipid whose levels reﬂect the risk for coronary artery disease.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice a) is incorrect because troponin is not an enzyme, but a protein. Enzymes are molecules that speed up chemical reactions in the body. Troponin does not have this function.

Choice b) is correct because troponin is a protein that binds to calcium and regulates the contraction of heart muscle fibers. When the heart muscle is injured, such as in a myocardial infarction, troponin leaks into the bloodstream and can be detected by a blood test. The higher the level of troponin, the more severe the damage to the heart.

Choice c) is incorrect because troponin does not help transport oxygen throughout the body. That function is performed by hemoglobin, which is a protein found in red blood cells.

Choice d) is incorrect because troponin is not a lipid, but a protein. Lipids are fats that are used for energy storage and cell membrane formation. Troponin does not have these roles.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice a) is incorrect because calcium levels are not directly aﬀected by hemodialysis. Calcium is a mineral that is important for bone health, blood clotting, and muscle contraction. Hemodialysis does not remove calcium from the blood, but it may cause low calcium levels if the dialysate ﬂuid has a lower concentration of calcium than the blood.

Choice b) is correct because potassium levels are decreased by hemodialysis. Potassium is an electrolyte that is essential for nerve and muscle function, especially the heart. Hemodialysis removes excess potassium from the blood, which can build up in people with kidney failure and cause irregular heartbeats, muscle weakness, or even cardiac arrest.

Choice c) is incorrect because protein levels are not decreased by hemodialysis. Protein is a macromolecule that is composed of amino acids and performs various functions in the body, such as building and repairing tissues, transporting substances, and regulating processes. Hemodialysis does not remove protein from the blood, but it may cause low protein levels if the client has a poor diet or loses protein through other means, such as urine or wounds.

Choice d) is incorrect because RBC count is not decreased by hemodialysis. RBCs are red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. Hemodialysis does not remove RBCs from the blood, but it may cause low RBC count if the client has anemia, which is a common complication of kidney failure. Anemia can be caused by reduced production of erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates RBC production), iron deficiency, or blood loss.

A. Weight gain B. Anorexia C. Distended abdomen D. Breathlessness

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Weight gain is not a manifestation of left-sided heart failure. Weight gain is more likely to occur in right-sided heart failure, as the blood backs up in the systemic circulation and causes ﬂuid retention and edema in the body.

Choice B: Anorexia is not a manifestation of left-sided heart failure. Anorexia is a loss of appetite, which can have many causes, such as psychological disorders, infections, medications, or cancer. Left-sided heart failure does not directly affect appetite, but it can cause nausea, fatigue, and weakness.

Choice C: A distended abdomen is not a manifestation of left-sided heart failure. A distended abdomen is more likely to occur in right-sided heart failure, as the blood backs up in the portal vein and causes increased pressure in the liver and spleen. This can lead to hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, and varices.

Choice D: Breathlessness is a manifestation of left-sided heart failure. Breathlessness, or dyspnea, is a sensation of difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Breathlessness occurs in left-sided heart failure, as the blood backs up in the lungs and causes pulmonary congestion and edema. This impairs gas exchange and reduces oxygen delivery to the tissues.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client following a hemodialysis treatment. The nurse should expect to find a decrease in which of the following laboratory values?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has valvular heart disease and is at risk for developing left-sided heart failure. Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse that the client is developing this condition?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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