A nurse is caring for a client who has Stage IV lung cancer and was prescribed opioid medications for pain management. The client is unable to engage in most physical activities. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate?

Mucositis

Bleeding

Impaction

Diarrhea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Mucositis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, which is commonly associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, not directly with opioid use. While it can be a concern for cancer patients, it is not a typical side effect of opioids.

Choice B reason:
Bleeding is not a common side effect of opioid medications. While cancer patients may experience bleeding due to various reasons, including the cancer itself or treatment-related issues, opioids do not typically cause bleeding.

Choice C reason:
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common side effect of opioid medications due to their action on the gastrointestinal tract. Opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation, which can progress to impaction if not managed properly. This is a manifestation that nurses should anticipate and manage proactively in clients taking opioid medications for pain management.

Choice D reason:
Diarrhea is not typically associated with opioid use. In fact, opioids are more likely to cause constipation rather than diarrhea. Diarrhea may occur as a result of other treatments or conditions but is not a direct side effect of opioids.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Lightheadedness is generally not an indication of effective treatment for dehydration. It is often a symptom of dehydration itself, as it can result from decreased blood volume and reduced blood flow to the brain. Effective rehydration should alleviate symptoms like lightheadedness, not present as an indication of it.

Choice B reason:

Decreased pulse pressure may indicate a drop in the volume of blood circulating through the body, which is not a sign of effective rehydration. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, and a narrow pulse pressure can be a sign of hypovolemia, or low blood volume, often due to dehydration.

Choice C reason:

Urine output of 75 mL in 1 hr can be considered within the normal range of urine output for an adult, which is typically about 0.5 to 1 mL/kg/hr⁵. This indicates that the kidneys are functioning and the body is excreting waste, suggesting effective rehydration.

Choice D reason:

A urine specific gravity of 1.038 is higher than the normal range of 1.005 to 1.030[^10^]. This indicates concentrated urine, which is commonly seen in dehydration as the body attempts to conserve water. Therefore, this is not an indication of effective treatment for dehydration.

A. Malignant melanoma B. Basal cell carcinoma C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Actinic keratosis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Malignant melanoma typically presents as a mole that changes in color, size, or feel and has irregular edges. It may also itch, ooze, or bleed. A raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly white borders is not characteristic of malignant melanoma.

Choice B reason:
Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a raised, pearly bump, sometimes with visible blood vessels, which may have a central depression. The description of the lesion as raised, flesh-colored with pearly white borders aligns with the common presentation of basal cell carcinoma.

Choice C reason:
Squamous cell carcinoma usually presents as a firm, red nodule, or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. The lesion described does not match the typical appearance of squamous cell carcinoma.

Choice D reason:
Actinic keratosis is characterized by rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, which may be precancerous. They are not typically described as raised, flesh-colored lesions with pearly borders.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has Stage IV lung cancer and was prescribed opioid medications for pain management. The client is unable to engage in most physical activities. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a 68-kg (150-lb) client who has dehydration. Which of the following manifestations is an indication of effective treatment?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

During a routine physical examination, a nurse observes a 1-cm (0.4-in) lesion on a client's chest. The lesion is raised and flesh-colored with pearly white borders. The nurse should recognize that this finding is suggestive of which of the following types of skin cancer?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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