A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?

A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV.

An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV.

A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV.

A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
A personal trainer working with a client who has HIV is at low risk for contracting the virus. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact, sweat, or saliva. The risk would increase only if there were exposure to blood or other body fluids through an open wound or mucous membrane.

Choice B reason:
An occupational therapist working with a client who has HIV also has a low risk of contracting the virus. Similar to a personal trainer, unless there is direct exposure to blood or body fluids, the transmission risk is minimal.

Choice C reason:
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk among the listed individuals. Phlebotomists are healthcare professionals who are frequently exposed to blood, which is a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV if proper precautions are not taken.

Choice D reason:
A nurse who collects urine samples is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. HIV is not typically transmitted through urine unless it contains blood. However, the risk is still present if there is exposure to blood-contaminated urine through cuts or mucous membranes.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Assessing the coping ability of the client is important, but it is not the immediate priority following abdominal surgery. The nurse must first ensure that the client's physiological needs are met and that there are no immediate postoperative complications.

Choice B reason:
While monitoring bowel sounds can provide valuable information about the return of gastrointestinal function, it is not the most immediate concern postoperatively. The nurse should prioritize assessments that ensure the client's safety and immediate physiological stability.

Choice C reason:
Ensuring the patency of the NG tube is the priority assessment. A patent NG tube is crucial for decompressing the stomach, preventing nausea and vomiting, and reducing the risk of aspiration, which can be life-threatening. It is also essential for the removal of gastric secretions and to prevent abdominal distention, which can compromise the surgical site and lead to complications such as wound dehiscence.

Choice D reason:
Assessing the surgical dressing is important to check for signs of bleeding or infection. However, the patency of the NG tube takes precedence as it is directly related to the client's airway and breathing, which are always the top priorities in postoperative care.

A. Resume sexual intercourse in 2 to 3 weeks. B. Increased vaginal drainage typically occurs 5 days following surgery. C. Artificial lubrication can be used to treat vaginal itching and dryness. D. A Papanicolaou (Pap) test should be performed every 6 months.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Resuming sexual intercourse in 2 to 3 weeks may not be appropriate for all patients after such a major surgery. The recovery time can vary based on individual factors, including the extent of the surgery and the patient's overall health. It's essential for patients to follow their healthcare provider's specific recommendations, which typically involve waiting until after the postoperative check-up, usually around 6 weeks, to ensure proper healing.

Choice B reason:
Increased vaginal drainage typically occurring 5 days following surgery could be a sign of infection or other complications. Normal postoperative discharge should gradually decrease over time. If a patient experiences increased drainage, especially if it's foul-smelling or accompanied by fever, they should contact their healthcare provider immediately.

Choice C reason:
After a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, patients may experience vaginal dryness due to decreased estrogen levels. Using artificial lubricants can help alleviate symptoms of itching and dryness, making this an appropriate instruction for postoperative care.

Choice D reason:
A Papanicolaou (Pap) test is not typically required every 6 months after a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for uterine cancer unless the surgery was performed as treatment for cervical cancer or serious pre-cancer. For those who had the procedure due to benign conditions, further Pap tests are generally not necessary.

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A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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