A nurse is collecting data from a client about risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a modifiable risk factor?

Family history of cardiovascular disease

Cholesterol 240 mg/dL

Sex

Age 65

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Family history of cardiovascular disease: This is a non-modifiable risk factor. Family history can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease, but it cannot be changed.

B. Cholesterol 240 mg/dL: This is a modifiable risk factor. High cholesterol levels, particularly above 200 mg/dL, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and they can be managed through lifestyle changes, diet, and medication.

C. Sex: This is a non-modifiable risk factor. Men are generally at higher risk for cardiovascular disease at a younger age, while the risk increases for women after menopause.

D. Age 65: This is a non-modifiable risk factor. As people age, their risk for cardiovascular disease increases.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Avoiding fresh flowers in the room is unnecessary for a child with Clostridium difficile. Fresh flowers are typically restricted for clients who are immunocompromised, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplants, rather than those with infectious diarrhea.

B. Using an N95 respirator is incorrect. Clostridium difficile is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and requires contact precautions, not airborne precautions. An N95 mask is only required for airborne pathogens like tuberculosis or measles.

C. Initiating contact precautions is correct. Clostridium difficile is highly contagious and spreads through spores that can survive on surfaces. Contact precautions, including the use of gloves and gowns and proper hand hygiene with soap and water, help prevent transmission.

D. Placing the child in a room with a HEPA filtration system is unnecessary. HEPA filtration is used for airborne pathogens, whereas Clostridium difficile is spread via direct and indirect contact rather than through the air.

A. Productive cough with pink, frothy sputum B. Weight loss of 1 kg (2.2 lB. in the past 24 hr C. Fatigue when ambulating 152 m (500 ft)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Productive cough with pink, frothy sputum": This is a concerning finding that should prompt immediate notification to the provider. It is indicative of pulmonary edema, which can occur with left-sided heart failure as fluid backs up into the lungs. Pink, frothy sputum is a classic sign of this condition and requires urgent intervention.

B. "Weight loss of 1 kg (2.2 lB. in the past 24 hr": Weight loss is generally not a primary concern in left-sided heart failure. In fact, weight loss could be a result of fluid loss from diuretics or other interventions. A small weight change like this is not likely to be significant unless the client shows signs of dehydration or malnutrition.

C. "Fatigue when ambulating 152 m (500 ft)": Fatigue with activity is common in clients with left-sided heart failure, as reduced cardiac output and impaired oxygenation of tissues can cause fatigue during exertion. However, this is not an acute finding that would require immediate intervention.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client about risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a modifiable risk factor?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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