A nurse is caring for a newborn who is placed in a neutral thermal environment.What is the desired outcome of this measure?

To minimize the patient’s oxygen needs.

To facilitate the conversion of glucose to lactic acid.

To decrease the absorption of surfactant from the alveoli.

To increase the patient’s ability to metabolize brown fat stores.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is choice A: To minimize the patient’s oxygen needs.

Thermal care of the neonate

A neutral thermal environment is an environment in which a neonate maintains a normal body temperature while minimizing energy expenditure and oxygen consumption. This is important for the wellbeing of neonates, especially those who are preterm or have respiratory insufficiency.

Choice B is wrong because the conversion of glucose to lactic acid is not a desired outcome of a neutral thermal environment. This conversion occurs when there is inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues, resulting in anaerobic metabolism and metabolic acidosis.

Choice C is wrong because the absorption of surfactant from the alveoli is not affected by a neutral thermal environment.

Surfactant is a substance that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse. It is produced by type II alveolar cells and secreted into the alveoli.

Choice D is wrong because the metabolism of brown fat stores is not a desired outcome of a neutral thermal environment.

Brown fat is a specialized tissue that generates heat by nonshivering thermogenesis in response to cold stress.

It is located in the nape of the neck, between the scapulae, and around the kidneys and adrenals. It increases the metabolic rate and oxygen consumption of neonates.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice C.Adolescents need more protein than older pregnant women because they are still growing themselves and need to support the growth of the baby and the placenta.Protein can be found in meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, beans, nuts, and fortified cereals.

Choice A is wrong because adolescents need more supplemental iron than older women, not less.This is because they have lower iron stores due to rapid growth and menstruation.Iron deficiency can cause anemia and increase the risk of infections and bleeding.Iron can be found in meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, beans, nuts, and fortified cereals.

Choice B is wrong because adolescents need more carbohydrates than older women, not less.Carbohydrates provide energy for the mother and the baby and spare protein for other functions.Carbohydrates can be found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.

Choice D is wrong because adolescents need the same amount of vitamin C as older pregnant women, which is 85 milligrams per day.Vitamin C helps with wound healing, collagen formation, iron absorption, and immune function.Vitamin C can be found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, broccoli, potatoes, and fortified juices.

A. The breast milk can be sterilized to kill the HIV virus, then bottle-fed to the infant. B. Colostrum should be expressed and analyzed for the presence of the HIV virus prior to breastfeeding. C. Breastfeeding may be initiated if the infant is determined to be HIV positive. D. Breastfeeding may be a mode of transmission of the HIV virus.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This is based on the fact that HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and is spread through certain body fluids, including breast milk.Perinatal transmission can occur during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.Treatment for HIV (antiretroviral therapy, or ART) substantially reduces the risk of perinatal transmission.

Choice A is wrong because sterilizing breast milk does not kill the HIV virus.

Choice B is wrong because colostrum can also contain the HIV virus and testing it is not feasible or reliable.

Choice C is wrong because breastfeeding may still pose a risk of HIV transmission even if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.

The current recommendation in the United States supports shared decision-making between mothers and their healthcare providers regarding infant feeding.Mothers who have questions about breastfeeding or who want to breastfeed should receive patient-centered, evidence-based counseling on infant feeding options, allowing for shared decision-making.

Counseling should begin before conception, or as early as possible in pregnancy and should be

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A nurse is caring for a newborn who is placed in a neutral thermal environment.What is the desired outcome of this measure?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 14-year-old patient is 10 weeks pregnant. In order to plan nutritional counseling for this patient, the nurse should have which understanding about adolescents’ nutritional needs during pregnancy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A mother of a 3-hour-old infant requests information concerning breastfeeding. The mother has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).A nurse’s response should be based on which fact?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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