A nurse is caring for a client who has a new arteriovenous (AV) graft in his left forearm. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to assess the patency of this graft?

Measure the client's blood pressure to ensure it is higher in the left arm than the right.

Check the brachial and radial pulses of the left arm simultaneously.

Auscultate the antecubital fossa using a Doppler stethoscope.

Auscultate the site for a bruit.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Measuring blood pressure di?erences is not a method to assess the patency of an AV graft.

Choice B reason: Checking pulses is important but does not confirm the patency of the AV graft.

Choice C reason: Using a Doppler stethoscope at the antecubital fossa is not the standard method for assessing AV graft patency.

Choice D reason: Auscultating for a bruit at the site of the AV graft is a common and non-invasive way to assess for patency.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: A pH of 7.26 indicates acidosis, but an HCO3 of 24 and PaCO2 of 46 suggest a respiratory cause rather than metabolic, which is not typical for AKI.

Choice B reason: A pH of 7.49 indicates alkalosis, and with an HCO3 of 30 and PaCO2 of 40, this suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not expected in AKI.

Choice C reason: A pH of 7.49 indicates alkalosis. An HCO3 of 24 is normal, and a PaCO2 of 30 would suggest respiratory alkalosis, not typically associated with AKI.

Choice D reason: A pH of 7.26 indicates acidosis, and with an HCO3 of 14, this suggests metabolic acidosis, which is consistent with AKI. The PaCO2 of 30 indicates a compensatory respiratory response to the metabolic acidosis. This ABG result aligns with the expected findings in a patient with AKI, where there is an accumulation of acids and a decrease in bicarbonate due to the kidneys' inability to filter and excrete hydrogen ions effectively.

A. Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower. B. Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to areas where the concentration is higher. C. Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher. D. Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.

Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.

Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.

Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new arteriovenous (AV) graft in his left forearm. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to assess the patency of this graft?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values would the nurse expect this client to have?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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