A nurse is assisting with the preparation of an educational program about the use of oral contraceptives. The nurse should include that which of the following herbal supplements reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
Ginger root
St. John's wort
Gingko biloba
Glucosamine
The Correct Answer is B
A. Ginger root is not known to reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives significantly.
B. St. John's wort is an herbal supplement that can induce the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, leading to increased metabolism of oral contraceptives and potentially reducing their effectiveness. Women taking oral contraceptives should be cautioned against using St. John's wort or advised to use alternative contraceptive methods.
C. Gingko biloba is not known to reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives significantly.
D. Glucosamine is not known to reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives significantly.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Rh incompatibility primarily affects erythrocytes, resulting in hemolysis rather than clotting abnormalities. Therefore, transient clotting difficulties are not typically associated with this condition.
B. Rh incompatibility doesn't directly cause hypothermia in newborns. The condition primarily leads to hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can result in jaundice, anemia, and other complications, but not hypothermia.
C. Rh incompatibility leads to an increase in bilirubin levels, causing hyperbilirubinemia rather than hypobilirubinemia. This increase in bilirubin levels can lead to jaundice and potentially severe neurological complications in the newborn.
D. This is a severe complication of Rh incompatibility where the fetus experiences severe edema due to hemolytic anemia and heart failure. It results from the destruction of fetal red blood cells by maternal antibodies against Rh-positive blood cells.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Phenytoin can rarely cause a side effect known as "purple glove syndrome" if it infiltrates into the surrounding tissues during intravenous administration, leading to discoloration. However, this is not relevant to oral suspension administration.
B. Taking an antacid with phenytoin is generally not recommended as it may decrease the absorption of phenytoin. Phenytoin should be taken on an empty stomach to ensure optimal absorption.
C. Phenytoin oral suspension may settle over time, so it's important to shake the bottle well before measuring and administering each dose to ensure uniform distribution of the medication.
D. While obtaining an annual flu vaccine is generally advisable for individuals with epilepsy, it's not directly related to phenytoin administration and should be part of routine healthcare maintenance rather than specific guidance for phenytoin therapy.
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