A nurse is assisting with teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

Explanation:

A. DNR:

DNR stands for "Do Not Resuscitate." It is a medical order that indicates a patient's preference not to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. This abbreviation is unrelated to medication administration instructions and does not indicate "to administer medications before meals."

B. ONG:

The abbreviation ONG is not commonly used in medical contexts to indicate medication administration instructions or timing. It does not specifically relate to the administration of medications before meals.

C. ac:

The abbreviation "ac" is derived from the Latin term "ante cibum," which translates to "before meals." In medical orders, "ac" is used to indicate that a medication should be taken or administered before meals. For example, "Take 1 tablet ac" means to take one tablet before meals.

D. Tx:

The abbreviation "Tx" is commonly used in medical contexts to denote treatment or therapy. However, it does not specifically indicate "to administer medications before meals." It is a broader term that can refer to various aspects of patient care and interventions.

Explanation:

A. "Reliance on personal experiences is important to the process of EBP."

This statement is not accurate in the context of evidence-based practice (EBP). EBP emphasizes the use of the best available evidence from research, combined with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences. While personal experiences can provide context, they should not be the primary basis for decision-making in EBP.

B. "Identifying the problem is the first step of the EBP process."

This statement is correct. The first step in the EBP process is identifying a clinical problem or question that requires evidence-based intervention or decision-making. This step involves clearly defining the issue and understanding its significance.

C. "Reviewing the effectiveness of the findings is the last step of the EBP process."

This statement is not accurate. While evaluating the effectiveness of the chosen intervention or practice change is an essential component of EBP, it is not necessarily the last step. EBP involves an iterative process where findings are continuously evaluated, integrated into practice, and refined based on ongoing evidence and outcomes.

D. "There are four steps in the process of EBP."

This statement is not entirely accurate. While different models and frameworks may outline EBP in different steps or stages, it typically involves multiple steps that include formulating a clinical question, searching for evidence, critically appraising the evidence, applying the evidence to practice, and evaluating outcomes.