A nurse is assisting with teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

Explanation:

A. Whisper to the patient that she will be saved.

This action is inappropriate and does not address the underlying issues of the patient's condition or the presence of the family friend. Whispering such a statement may also be confusing or alarming to the patient.

B. Confront the family friend to allow the patient to ask questions.

While it's important to facilitate open communication with the patient, confronting the family friend directly may not be the most effective approach initially. It's crucial to first assess the patient's comfort level and safety before addressing the situation with the friend.

C. Consult the healthcare team about the suspicions and call local authorities to investigate.

Jumping to conclusions and involving authorities without gathering more information or assessing the patient's feelings directly could escalate the situation unnecessarily. It's important to handle such concerns with sensitivity and professionalism, involving appropriate resources only when needed.

D. Ask the patient if she feels safe, while the friend is in the room.

This is the most appropriate action initially. By directly asking the patient about her feelings of safety, the nurse can gauge the patient's comfort level and assess any potential concerns or risks. This approach allows the nurse to gather information and address any issues in a supportive and patient-centered manner. If the patient expresses concerns or discomfort, further assessment and appropriate interventions can be implemented, which may include involving other members of the healthcare team or authorities if necessary.

Explanation:

A. Avoid touching the client:

While it's essential to be gentle and respectful when touching an unresponsive client, avoiding all touch may not be appropriate. Touch can be a comforting and reassuring gesture, and many clients at the end of life benefit from gentle touch, such as holding their hand or providing a gentle massage.

B. Continue to talk to the client as if they are awake:

Talking to the client, even if they are unresponsive, is encouraged. Hearing is often the last sense to diminish, and talking to the client in a soothing and reassuring manner can provide comfort and a sense of presence. The nurse should speak calmly and compassionately, addressing the client by name and providing updates on care activities.

C. Limit the client's visitors to one at a time:

Limiting the number of visitors and controlling the environment can help maintain a calm and peaceful atmosphere for the client. However, the specific number of visitors allowed at a time may vary based on the client's preferences, cultural considerations, and facility policies. It's important to respect the client's wishes regarding visitors while ensuring their comfort and well-being.

D. Whisper when talking in the client's room:

Whispering may not be necessary unless the client is particularly sensitive to loud noises. Speaking in a calm and gentle tone is generally more appropriate, as it allows the client to hear clearly without causing unnecessary strain or confusion.