A nurse is assisting with teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

Explanation:

A. "Delegate tasks such as vital signs regardless of the client's condition."

This statement is incorrect because delegation should be based on the complexity of the task, the client's condition and stability, the competence of the delegatee, and other factors. Vital signs are critical assessments that often require the direct involvement of a licensed nurse, especially when there are changes in the client's condition or if the client is unstable.

B. "Delegate simple tasks prior to evaluating the client's condition."

This statement is incorrect because delegation should not occur based solely on the simplicity of the task. Instead, the nurse should evaluate the client's condition first, assess the complexity of care required, and then delegate tasks accordingly. The client's needs, stability, and safety should guide the delegation process.

C. "Observe delegated tasks directly during task performance."

While direct observation of delegated tasks is important, it may not always be feasible or necessary for every task. Nurses should use their judgment to determine the level of supervision required based on factors such as the complexity of the task, the delegatee's experience and competence, and the client's condition. Direct observation may be necessary for more complex or critical tasks, but for routine and low-risk tasks, periodic checks and effective communication with the delegatee can suffice.

D. "Delegated tasks require follow-up to ensure compliance."

This statement is correct. Follow-up is essential to ensure that delegated tasks were performed correctly, safely, and in accordance with the client's care plan. It allows the nurse to verify task completion, assess the client's response if applicable, address any issues or concerns that arise, and provide feedback and guidance to the delegatee. Follow-up also helps maintain accountability and quality of care.

Explanation:

A. Data collection:

Data collection is the initial step of the nursing process where the nurse gathers information about the client's health status, including physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors. This involves conducting assessments, obtaining medical histories, performing physical exams, reviewing diagnostic tests, and gathering information from the client, family members, and other healthcare providers. In the scenario, data collection would involve gathering information about the client's postoperative condition, recovery progress, functional abilities, support system, home environment, and any other relevant factors that would influence the discharge planning process.

B. Evaluation:

Evaluation is the step of the nursing process where the nurse assesses the client's response to interventions, measures progress toward goals, and determines the effectiveness of the care provided. It involves comparing the client's actual outcomes with expected outcomes, identifying any deviations or areas needing improvement, and making adjustments to the care plan as necessary. In the scenario, evaluation would occur after the implementation of the discharge plan to assess the client's readiness for discharge, the achievement of goals, and the overall success of the interventions implemented.

C. Planning:

Planning is the phase of the nursing process where the nurse, in collaboration with the client, family, and healthcare team members, develops a comprehensive plan of care based on the collected data and identified needs. This includes setting priorities, establishing expected outcomes and goals, determining appropriate interventions, creating a timeline for implementation, and coordinating resources and services. In the scenario, planning involves working with the social worker and physical therapist to develop a discharge plan that addresses the client's postoperative needs, ensures continuity of care, promotes recovery, and supports a smooth transition from the healthcare facility to the home or next level of care.

D. Implementation:

Implementation is the phase of the nursing process where the nurse carries out the interventions outlined in the care plan. This involves putting the plan into action, providing direct care, educating the client and family, coordinating services, monitoring progress, and advocating for the client's needs. In the scenario, implementation would occur as the nurse, along with the social worker and physical therapist, initiates the discharge plan, arranges for services and resources, provides education and instructions to the client and family, and ensures that all necessary preparations are made for the client's transition from the hospital.