Which presumptive sign (felt by the woman) or probable sign (observed by the examiner) of pregnancy is not matched with another possible cause?

Quickening: Gas, peristalsis

Chadwick sign: Pelvic congestion

Amenorrhea: Stress, endocrine problems

Goodell sign: Cervical polyps

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the pregnant woman, usually felt between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. However, quickening can also be confused with gas or peristalsis, which are normal digestive processes that cause sensations in the abdomen.

Choice B reason: Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow during pregnancy. It can be observed by the examiner as early as 6 weeks of gestation. However, Chadwick sign can also be caused by pelvic congestion, which is a chronic condition of enlarged and dilated veins in the pelvis².

Choice C reason: Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods, which is one of the most common signs of pregnancy. However, amenorrhea can also be caused by stress, endocrine problems, or other factors that affect the hormonal balance and ovulation.

Choice D reason: Goodell sign is the softening of the cervix due to increased vascularity and edema during pregnancy. It can be palpated by the examiner around 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Goodell sign is not associated with any other condition besides pregnancy, unlike cervical polyps, which are benign growths of the cervical tissue that can cause bleeding or discharge.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Further testing will not be performed to determine the meaning of this score, as the biophysical profile score is a reliable indicator of fetal well-being. It is a combination of five parameters: fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal heart rate. Each parameter is scored as 0 (abnormal) or 2 (normal), and the total score ranges from 0 to 10.

Choice B reason: The test results are within normal limits, as a biophysical profile score of 8 or higher indicates a healthy fetus with a low risk of hypoxia or acidosis. It also suggests that the placenta is functioning adequately and the pregnancy can continue safely.

Choice C reason: An obstetric specialist will not evaluate the results of this profile and, within the next week, will inform you of your options regarding delivery, as the biophysical profile score is interpreted by the nurse or the health care provider who performed the test. It is not a diagnostic test that requires a consultation with a specialist.

Choice D reason: Immediate delivery by cesarean birth is not being considered, as the biophysical profile score of 8 does not indicate any fetal distress or complication that would warrant an urgent intervention. Cesarean birth may be indicated for other reasons, such as malpresentation, placenta previa, or failure to progress in labor.

A. Previous birth of large infant B. Underweight before pregnancy C. Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus D. Maternal age younger than 25 years

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A previous birth of a large infant (macrosomia) is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A large infant may indicate that the mother had high blood glucose levels during pregnancy, which can cause the fetus to grow larger than normal. Women who have had a large infant are more likely to develop GDM in subsequent pregnancies.

Choice B reason: Underweight before pregnancy is not a risk factor for GDM. In fact, being overweight or obese before pregnancy is a risk factor for GDM, as it increases insulin resistance and makes it harder for the body to use glucose effectively.

Choice C reason: A previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for GDM. It is a contraindication for GDM, as it means that the woman already has diabetes before pregnancy. GDM is a condition that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery.

Choice D reason: Maternal age younger than 25 years is not a risk factor for GDM. In fact, being older than 25 years is a risk factor for GDM, as it increases the risk of insulin resistance and other metabolic changes that can affect glucose tolerance.

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Which presumptive sign (felt by the woman) or probable sign (observed by the examiner) of pregnancy is not matched with another possible cause?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A pregnant woman's biophysical profile score is 8. She asks the nurse to explain the results. The nurse's best response is:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which factor is known to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The maternity nurse understands that vascular volume increases 40% to 45% during pregnancy to:

Signs and symptoms that a pregnant woman should report immediately to her health care provider include: (Select all that apply.)

A primigravida is being monitored in her prenatal clinic for preeclampsia. What finding should concern her nurse?

Which analysis of maternal serum may predict chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus?

A nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates an understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:

The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:

The most common cause of decreased variability in the fetal heart rate (FHR) that lasts 30 minutes or less is:

The most prevalent clinical manifestation of abruptio placentae (as opposed to placenta previa) is: