Which of the following is a positive sign of pregnancy that can only be exhibited by a pregnant woman?
Fetal heartbeat auscultated with Doppler/fetoscope.
Quickening
Morning sickness
Positive pregnancy test
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A fetal heartbeat auscultated with a Doppler or a fetoscope is a positive sign of pregnancy, as it confirms the presence of a living fetus in the uterus. A Doppler is an electronic device that uses sound waves to detect the fetal heart rate, while a fetoscope is a stethoscope-like instrument that amplifies the fetal heart sounds. The fetal heartbeat can be heard as early as 10 to 12 weeks of gestation with a Doppler and 18 to 20 weeks of gestation with a fetoscope.
Choice B reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the pregnant woman, usually felt between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation for first-time mothers and 13 to 16 weeks of gestation for experienced mothers. However, quickening is not a positive sign of pregnancy, as it can be subjective and mistaken for other sensations, such as gas, hunger, or muscle spasms².
Choice C reason: Morning sickness is a common symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea and vomiting, usually in the first trimester. However, morning sickness is not a positive sign of pregnancy, as it can be caused by other factors, such as food poisoning, stress, or medication.
Choice D reason: A positive pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy, not a positive sign. A pregnancy test detects the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced by the placenta, in the urine or blood of the woman. However, a positive pregnancy test does not guarantee a viable pregnancy, as it can be influenced by the timing, the quality, or the interpretation of the test. A positive pregnancy test can also occur in cases of ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, or miscarriage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to meet the increased oxygen and nutrient demands of the fetus, not to compensate for decreased renal plasma flow. In fact, renal plasma flow increases by 50% to 80% during pregnancy to facilitate the excretion of metabolic wastes.
Choice B reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to ensure adequate blood supply to the uterus and other organs, not to prevent maternal and fetal dehydration. Dehydration can occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake, and it can be prevented by drinking enough fluids and replacing electrolytes.
Choice C reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to provide adequate perfusion of the placenta, which is the main organ of gas exchange and nutrient delivery for the fetus. The placenta receives about 10% of the maternal cardiac output at term.
Choice D reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to support the growth and development of the fetus and the maternal tissues, not to eliminate metabolic wastes of the mother. Metabolic wastes are eliminated by the kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypoinsulinemia is not a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of low insulin levels in the blood, which can cause hyperglycemia.
Choice B reason: Hypercalcemia is not a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of high calcium levels in the blood, which can cause muscle weakness, confusion, and kidney stones.
Choice C reason: Hypobilirubinemia is not a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of low bilirubin levels in the blood, which can cause pale skin and eyes.
Choice D reason: Hypoglycemia is a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of low blood sugar levels, which can cause seizures, lethargy, and brain damage.
Choice E reason: None of the above is not a correct answer. There is one major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother, which is hypoglycemia.
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