Which one of the following types of immunoglobulins is involved in inflammatory and allergic responses?
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The Correct Answer is B
A. IgD: Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is found on the surface of B cells and serves as a receptor for antigen recognition during the immune response. Its exact function is not fully understood, but it plays a role in the activation of B cells.
B. IgE: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is primarily associated with allergic responses and defense against parasitic infections. When an allergen enters the body, IgE antibodies trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals, leading to allergy symptoms. IgE is also involved in protecting against certain parasites.
C. IgG: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream. It provides long-term immunity by recognizing and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. IgG antibodies are involved in secondary immune responses and are transferred from mother to fetus, providing passive immunity.
D. IgM: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody produced during an initial immune response to an antigen. It is effective at agglutination (clumping) of pathogens. IgM antibodies are generally found in blood and lymph fluid and are the first line of defense during infections.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Aminoglycosides: Aminoglycosides are a different class of antibiotics. They do not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin. People who are allergic to penicillin can usually take aminoglycosides without a problem.
B. Erythromycins: Erythromycins are macrolide antibiotics. They are not related to penicillin structurally, so there is no cross-sensitivity between penicillin and erythromycins. People allergic to penicillin can generally take erythromycin without issues.
C. Quinolones: Quinolones, also known as fluoroquinolones, are a different class of antibiotics. They do not share a structural similarity with penicillin, so there is usually no cross-sensitivity between penicillin and quinolones. People allergic to penicillin can usually take quinolones without problems.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics, just like penicillins. They have a similar chemical structure to penicillins, which can lead to cross-sensitivity. Individuals who are allergic to penicillin might also have an allergic reaction to cephalosporins due to this structural resemblance. However, it's important to note that not all cephalosporins are the same, and the risk of cross-reactivity varies among different generations of cephalosporins. Healthcare providers need to assess the specific situation and choose an appropriate antibiotic if there is a known penicillin allergy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic are used interchangeably.
This statement is incorrect. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic have distinct meanings in pharmacology and microbiology. Bactericidal means the drug kills bacteria, whereas bacteriostatic means the drug inhibits the growth of bacteria without killing them.
B. Bactericidal drugs are directly lethal to bacteria, and bacteriostatic drugs work to slow bacterial growth but do not cause cell death.
This statement is correct. Bactericidal drugs directly kill bacteria, leading to their death. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria without causing their immediate death. Both types of drugs play different roles in the treatment of bacterial infections.
C. Bacteriostatic drugs are directly lethal to bacteria, and bactericidal drugs work to slow bacterial growth but do not cause cell death.
This statement is incorrect. It confuses the roles of bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs. Bactericidal drugs directly kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth without immediate cell death.
D. A bactericidal drug can cause death to the host, whereas a bacteriostatic drug only affects bacteria.
This statement is incorrect. Both bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs primarily affect bacteria, not the host. The difference lies in how they affect bacteria: bactericidal drugs kill bacteria directly, and bacteriostatic drugs inhibit their growth.
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