The nurse who is working in a pediatric unit administers tetracycline [Sumycin] to a preschool-age child. What is a potential adverse effect of the medication for this child?

Discoloration of teeth

Anabolic change

Cartilage damage

Suppression of growth

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Discoloration of teeth: Tetracycline antibiotics can bind with calcium ions in teeth, leading to the development of yellow-gray-brown stains. This effect is particularly significant in developing teeth in children below the age of 8 and can result in permanent discoloration.

B. Anabolic change: This term doesn't specifically relate to the side effects of tetracycline. "Anabolic" generally refers to processes in the body that build up complex molecules from simpler ones. There's no direct connection between tetracycline and anabolic changes.

C. Cartilage damage: Tetracyclines, especially in high doses or with prolonged use, have been associated with potential adverse effects on cartilage. This is more relevant in individuals whose bones and cartilage are still growing, such as children. It can interfere with skeletal development.

D. Suppression of growth: Long-term use of tetracycline in children can interfere with bone growth and development. It can suppress the growth of bones and affect overall height. This is a significant concern when considering the use of tetracycline in pediatric patients.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction: This type of hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type IV hypersensitivity, involves a delayed response by the immune system and is mediated by T cells. It does not necessarily involve a failure of self-tolerance.

B. Antibody-mediated reaction: This type of hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type II hypersensitivity, involves antibodies targeting specific antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction. It doesn't directly indicate a failure of self-tolerance but rather an immune response against specific cells or tissues.

C. Autoimmune reaction: In autoimmune reactions, the immune system fails to recognize certain body tissues or substances as "self," leading to an immune response against the body's own cells or tissues. This results from a breakdown in self-tolerance, where the immune system mistakenly targets its own body.

D. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction: This type of hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type I hypersensitivity, involves an immediate response by the immune system to an allergen. It includes conditions like allergies and anaphylaxis, where the immune system reacts strongly to substances that are normally harmless. This response does not necessarily indicate a failure of self-tolerance but rather an exaggerated response to specific antigens.

A. "Cephalosporins are assigned to generations based on their relative costs to administer." B. "Later generations of cephalosporins have lower resistance to destruction by beta-lactamases." C. "Cephalosporins have increased activity against gram-negative bacteria with each new generation." D. "First-generation cephalosporins have better penetration of the cerebrospinal fluid."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Cephalosporins are assigned to generations based on their relative costs to administer."
This statement is incorrect. The classification of cephalosporins into generations is based on their antimicrobial spectrum and activity against specific bacteria, not their cost.

B. "Later generations of cephalosporins have lower resistance to destruction by beta-lactamases."
This statement is not accurate. In fact, later generations of cephalosporins have increased resistance to destruction by beta-lactamases, which are enzymes produced by bacteria that can break down certain antibiotics.

C. "Cephalosporins have increased activity against gram-negative bacteria with each new generation."
This statement is correct. Cephalosporins are grouped into generations (first to fifth) based on their antibacterial spectrum. As the generations progress, there is an increase in activity against gram-negative bacteria, among other improvements in their spectrum.

D. "First-generation cephalosporins have better penetration of the cerebrospinal fluid."
This statement is generally true. First-generation cephalosporins have better penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, making them useful for treating certain central nervous system infections.

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The nurse who is working in a pediatric unit administers tetracycline [Sumycin] to a preschool-age child. What is a potential adverse effect of the medication for this child?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves failure of the development of self-tolerance:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a nursing student what is meant by "generations" of cephalosporins. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

While instructing a patient about antibiotic therapy, the nurse explains to the patient that bacterial resistance to antibiotics can occur when:

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