This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves failure of the development of self-tolerance:
delayed hypersensitivity reaction
antibody-mediated reaction
autoimmune reaction
immediate hypersensitivity reaction
The Correct Answer is C
A. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction: This type of hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type IV hypersensitivity, involves a delayed response by the immune system and is mediated by T cells. It does not necessarily involve a failure of self-tolerance.
B. Antibody-mediated reaction: This type of hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type II hypersensitivity, involves antibodies targeting specific antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction. It doesn't directly indicate a failure of self-tolerance but rather an immune response against specific cells or tissues.
C. Autoimmune reaction: In autoimmune reactions, the immune system fails to recognize certain body tissues or substances as "self," leading to an immune response against the body's own cells or tissues. This results from a breakdown in self-tolerance, where the immune system mistakenly targets its own body.
D. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction: This type of hypersensitivity reaction, also known as Type I hypersensitivity, involves an immediate response by the immune system to an allergen. It includes conditions like allergies and anaphylaxis, where the immune system reacts strongly to substances that are normally harmless. This response does not necessarily indicate a failure of self-tolerance but rather an exaggerated response to specific antigens.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "The antibiotic I have been taking doesn't work as well as it used to."
This statement shows awareness of decreased effectiveness, which can occur due to drug resistance. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics, leading to reduced efficacy of the medication over time.
B. "The bacteria in my body have become resilient."
This statement correctly attributes resistance to the bacteria. Resilience in this context means that bacteria have developed mechanisms to survive the effects of antibiotics, making the treatment less effective.
C. "Over time, an organism that had once been highly sensitive to an antibiotic may become less susceptible, or it may lose drug sensitivity entirely."
This statement accurately describes the concept of drug resistance. Bacteria can lose sensitivity to antibiotics, rendering the drugs ineffective against them.
D. "My body has become resistant to the antibiotic."
This statement is incorrect. It's the bacteria that develop resistance, not the patient's body. Patients don't become resistant to antibiotics; instead, bacteria evolve and adapt, making the drugs less effective against them.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity:
Ototoxicity: Aminoglycosides can damage the inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss and balance issues.
Nephrotoxicity: These drugs can harm the kidneys, potentially causing acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Monitoring kidney function is crucial to prevent renal damage.
B. Ototoxicity and Cardiotoxicity:
Ototoxicity: As mentioned above, aminoglycosides can damage the inner ear, affecting hearing and balance.
Cardiotoxicity: Aminoglycosides primarily affect the ears and kidneys; they do not directly target the heart. Cardiotoxicity is not a common side effect associated with aminoglycosides.
C. Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity:
Hepatotoxicity: This term refers to liver damage caused by drugs or toxins. Aminoglycosides are not known to cause liver problems; their primary concern is kidney damage.
Nephrotoxicity: As mentioned earlier, aminoglycosides can harm the kidneys, which is a well-known side effect.
D. Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity:
Cardiotoxicity: This term refers to the toxic effects on the heart, leading to various heart-related issues. Aminoglycosides do not primarily affect the heart; their main concerns are the ears (ototoxicity) and kidneys (nephrotoxicity).
Hepatotoxicity: Aminoglycosides are not typically associated with liver damage. They are primarily metabolized and excreted by the kidneys, which is why kidney monitoring is crucial during their use.
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