A kidney transplant recipient stops immunosuppressive therapy three years after his surgery. Shortly after stopping therapy, he demonstrated clinical manifestations of kidney failure. Which type of reaction does this represent?
Cushing's syndrome
Hypersensitivity reaction Type I
Chronic graft versus host rejection
Acute host versus graft rejection
The Correct Answer is D
A. Cushing's Syndrome: This is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It is not related to kidney transplant or immunosuppressive therapy.
B. Hypersensitivity Reaction Type I: Also known as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction or an allergy, this type of reaction involves the immune system's exaggerated response to an allergen. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and occur quickly after exposure to the allergen. While allergies can cause various symptoms, they do not specifically represent rejection of a transplanted organ.
C. Chronic Graft Versus Host Rejection: This term is commonly associated with bone marrow or stem cell transplants. It occurs when immune cells from the donated tissue recognize the recipient's body as foreign and attack various organs or tissues. This process typically happens over a more extended period and is not directly related to the scenario described.
D. Acute Host Versus Graft Rejection: This occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted organ as foreign and launches an immune response against it. It can happen shortly after transplantation if the recipient's immune system is not adequately suppressed. In this case, stopping immunosuppressive therapy can trigger acute rejection, leading to the failure of the transplanted organ.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT): GALT is a component of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and refers to the immune cells found in the gastrointestinal tract. These cells play a significant role in local immune responses in the gut.
B. Bone marrow: The bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production in the body. It contains stem cells that can differentiate into various blood cells, including B cells. B cells mature in the bone marrow.
C. Thymus: The thymus is an organ located near the heart and is crucial for the development of T cells. T cells mature in the thymus, where they learn to recognize self from non-self antigens.
D. Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that produce and store cells that help fight infection. While they are essential parts of the immune system, B and T cells are not originally derived from lymph nodes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Aminoglycosides: Aminoglycosides are a different class of antibiotics. They do not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin. People who are allergic to penicillin can usually take aminoglycosides without a problem.
B. Erythromycins: Erythromycins are macrolide antibiotics. They are not related to penicillin structurally, so there is no cross-sensitivity between penicillin and erythromycins. People allergic to penicillin can generally take erythromycin without issues.
C. Quinolones: Quinolones, also known as fluoroquinolones, are a different class of antibiotics. They do not share a structural similarity with penicillin, so there is usually no cross-sensitivity between penicillin and quinolones. People allergic to penicillin can usually take quinolones without problems.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics, just like penicillins. They have a similar chemical structure to penicillins, which can lead to cross-sensitivity. Individuals who are allergic to penicillin might also have an allergic reaction to cephalosporins due to this structural resemblance. However, it's important to note that not all cephalosporins are the same, and the risk of cross-reactivity varies among different generations of cephalosporins. Healthcare providers need to assess the specific situation and choose an appropriate antibiotic if there is a known penicillin allergy.
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