Which of the following is a common cause of cardiogenic shock?

Anaphylaxis

Hypovolemia

Pulmonary embolism

Myocardial infarction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a common cause of cardiogenic shock. In myocardial infarction, part of the heart muscle becomes ischemic or necrotic due to occlusion of a coronary artery. This leads to impaired cardiac function and reduced cardiac output, resulting in cardiogenic shock. Prompt recognition and treatment of myocardial infarction are crucial to prevent or manage cardiogenic shock.
A. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can lead to systemic vasodilation and distributive shock, but it is not a common cause of cardiogenic shock. In anaphylaxis, the primary mechanism of shock is typically related to widespread vasodilation and increased vascular permeability rather than impaired cardiac function.
B. Hypovolemic shock occurs due to a decrease in intravascular volume, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. It is not a common cause of cardiogenic shock, as the underlying mechanism is different. In hypovolemic shock, the primary issue is the loss of circulating blood volume, whereas cardiogenic shock involves impaired cardiac function.
C. Pulmonary embolism can lead to acute right heart strain or failure, which may result in hemodynamic instability and shock. However, pulmonary embolism typically causes obstructive shock rather than cardiogenic shock. Obstructive shock occurs when blood flow is obstructed, such as by a pulmonary embolism, leading to reduced cardiac output.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Monitoring central venous pressure (CVP) is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter. While the pulmonary artery catheter primarily provides information about pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output, it can also be used to measure central venous pressure. Monitoring CVP can help assess the patient's fluid status, right ventricular function, and response to fluid resuscitation. This intervention is directly relevant to the presence of the pulmonary artery catheter and helps guide patient management.

A. Assist with ambulation: It's not typically appropriate to assist a patient with ambulation while they have a pulmonary artery catheter in place. This catheter is inserted into the pulmonary artery and is used to monitor various hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Ambulation could disrupt the catheter placement or lead to complications such as bleeding or dislodgement.

B. Administering a diuretic medication may not be directly related to the presence of a pulmonary artery catheter. The use of diuretics is typically based on the patient's clinical condition and the healthcare provider's assessment of their fluid status and renal function. While information obtained from the pulmonary artery catheter, such as pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output, may inform the decision-making process regarding diuretic therapy, the catheter itself does not dictate the administration of diuretics.

C. Administering a vasopressor medication may be appropriate for a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter if they are experiencing hypotension or shock. However, the decision to administer vasopressors should be based on the patient's hemodynamic parameters as assessed through the pulmonary artery catheter monitoring, along with clinical judgment and consideration of the underlying cause of the hypotension.

A. Tell the patient to bare down B. Administer Lidocaine drip C. Administer Amiodarone drip D. Administer a beta blocker

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Amiodarone is a Class III antiarrhythmic medication commonly used for the acute management of atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate. It works by blocking multiple ion channels, prolonging the action potential duration, and slowing conduction in the atria and ventricles. Amiodarone is often used when other interventions such as vagal maneuvers or beta blockers are ineffective or contraindicated. In this scenario, where the patient is hypotensive and symptomatic, intravenous amiodarone may be administered to control the ventricular rate and stabilize hemodynamics

A. Bearing down, or the Valsalva maneuver, is a vagal maneuver that can sometimes help slow the heart rate in certain arrhythmias by increasing parasympathetic tone. However, it may not be effective or safe in all situations, especially if the patient is hypotensive or confused. In this scenario, immediate pharmacological intervention is likely needed to control the heart rate and stabilize hemodynamics.

B. Lidocaine is not typically used to treat atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate. Lidocaine is a Class IB antiarrhythmic medication primarily used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It is not considered a first-line agent for atrial fibrillation and may not effectively control the ventricular rate in this situation.

D. While beta blockers are commonly used for rate control in atrial fibrillation, they may not be the best choice in this scenario where the patient is hypotensive and symptomatic. Beta blockers can further decrease blood pressure and exacerbate hypotension, especially in patients with compromised hemodynamics. In such cases, other rate-controlling agents like calcium channel blockers or amiodarone may be preferred.

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Which of the following is a common cause of cardiogenic shock?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted for atrial fibrillation rapid ventricular rate of 130 beat/min with confusion. The client's blood pressure is 87/50. What order should the nurse expect to receive from the provider?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient who has neurogenic shock is receiving a dobutamine infusion through a right forearm IV. Which assessment finding obtained by the nurse indicates a need for immediate action?

A patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle crash arrives in the emergency department (ED) with cool, clammy skin; tachycardia; and hypotension. Which intervention prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse implement first?

A nurse is conducting a primary survey of a client who has sustained life-threatening injuries due to a motor-vehicle crash. Identify the sequence of actions the nurse should take. (Move the actions into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

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Which information about a patient who is receiving cisatracurium (Nimbex) to prevent asynchronous breathing with the positive pressure ventilator requires action by the nurse?

A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?

A nurse is caring for a client who reports heart palpitations. An ECG confirms the client is experiencing ventricular tachycardia (VT). The nurse should anticipate the need for taking which of the following actions?

The rapid response team (RRT) is caring for a client with asystole. Which nursing statement made to the client's family about the actions of the RRT is appropriate?