Which laboratory test measures the effectiveness of warfarin?
PTT.
PT/INR.
aPTT.
ACT.
The Correct Answer is B
PT stands for prothrombin time, which is a measure of how long it takes the blood to clot.
INR stands for international normalized ratio, which is a way of standardizing the PT results across different laboratories.
Warfarin is a blood thinner that works by inhibiting the production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver.
Therefore, warfarin prolongs the PT and increases the INR. The PT/INR test is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and adjust the dose accordingly.
Choice A is wrong because PTT stands for partial thromboplastin time, which is another measure of blood clotting time, but it reflects the activity of different clotting factors than PT. PTT is used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin therapy.
Choice C is wrong because aPTT stands for activated partial thromboplastin time, which is a variation of PTT that uses an activator to speed up the clotting time. Like PTT, aPTT is used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin therapy.
Choice D is wrong because ACT stands for activated clotting time, which is a measure of the whole blood clotting time. ACT is used to monitor high-dose heparin therapy during certain procedures, such as cardiac bypass surgery or angioplasty.
The normal ranges for these tests may vary depending on the laboratory and the method used, but generally, they are:
• PT: 10 to 13 seconds
• INR: 0.8 to 1.2 (without warfarin) or 2.0 to 3.0 (with warfarin)
• PTT: 25 to 35 seconds
• aPTT: 30 to 40 seconds
• ACT: 70 to 120 seconds
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Nitroglycerin sublingual is a medication that is used to treat chest pain or angina by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the oxygen demand of the heart.A common side effect of nitroglycerin sublingual is headache, which may be severe and throbbing.Headache is often a sign that the medication is working.Other possible side effects include flushing, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, fast heart rate, numbness, tingling, burning pain, rash, hives, sweating, pale skin, difficulty breathing and allergic reaction.
Choice A is wrong because nausea is not the most common adverse effect of nitroglycerin sublingual.Nausea may occur in some people, but it is usually mild and transient.
Choice B is wrong because bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a common adverse effect of nitroglycerin sublingual.Nitroglycerin sublingual may cause tachycardia (fast heart rate) in some people as a result of vasodilation and reflex stimulation of the heart.
Choice C is wrong because hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a common adverse effect of nitroglycerin sublingual.Nitroglycerin sublingual may cause hypotension (low blood pressure) in some people due to its vasodilating action.Hypotension may lead to lightheadedness, fainting or shock in severe cases.
The normal range for blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg for adults.
The normal range for heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute for adults.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Dry mouth is a common adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).Anticholinergic agents prevent involuntary contractions of the bladder detrusor muscle by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates the muscle.However, anticholinergics are not tissue specific, and they also affect other parts of the body where acetylcholine is involved, such as the salivary glands, the gastrointestinal tract, and the eyes.
Choice B is wrong because restlessness is not a typical side effect of anticholinergic agents.In fact, anticholinergics can cause sedation and drowsiness in some people.
Choice C is wrong because increased salivation is the opposite of what anticholinergics do.Anticholinergics reduce the secretion of saliva, causing dry mouth.
Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is also the opposite of what anticholinergics do.Anticholinergics slow down the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation.
Some other possible adverse effects of anticholinergic agents include blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion, memory impairment, and increased risk of dementia and mortality.
Therefore, these drugs should be used with caution and under medical supervision.
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