Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?
Alpha 3 adrenergic blocker.
Alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist.
Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist.
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents.
The Correct Answer is D
Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension. They work by preventing the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, thus lowering the blood pressure. Some examples of alpha 1 blockers are doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.
Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist. There are only two subtypes of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2.
Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists are not used for hypertension. They are used for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opioid withdrawal. Alpha 2 antagonists block the negative feedback mechanism of norepinephrine release, thus increasing the amount of norepinephrine in the blood and raising the blood pressure.
Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists have the opposite effect of alpha 1 blockers. They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors and cause vasoconstriction, which increases the blood pressure. Alpha 1 agonists are used for conditions like nasal congestion and hypotension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Positive inotropy and negative chronotropy.Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that increases the force of the heart contractions (positive inotropy) and slows down the heart rate (negative chronotropy).
Choice A is wrong because positive chronotropy means increasing the heart rate, which is the opposite of what digoxin does.
Choice B is wrong because negative inotropy means decreasing the force of the heart contractions, which is also the opposite of what digoxin does.
Choice D is wrong because positive chronotropy means increasing the heart rate, which is not what digoxin does.
Digoxin is used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat.It has a narrow therapeutic window, meaning that the dose must be carefully adjusted to avoid toxicity or ineffectiveness.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Thrombolytic agents are a classification of drugs that dissolve blood clots by activating the enzyme plasmin, which breaks down the proteins (fibrins) that form clots. They are used for serious conditions, such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, or heart attack when the blood flow needs to be restored quickly.
Choice A is wrong because salicylates are anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and pain. They also have antiplatelet effects, but they do not dissolve existing clots.
Choice B is wrong because antiplatelets are drugs that prevent platelets from sticking together and forming clots. They are used to prevent clotting in conditions such as coronary artery disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease. They do not dissolve existing clots either.
Choice C is wrong because anticoagulants are drugs that prevent clots from forming by interfering with the clotting factors that are normally present in the blood.
They are used to treat or prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or atrial fibrillation. They do not dissolve existing clots.
Normal ranges for clotting factors vary depending on the laboratory and the method used, but some common values are:
• Prothrombin time (PT): 11 to 13 seconds
• International normalized ratio (INR): 0.8 to 1.2
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 25 to 35 seconds
• Fibrinogen: 200 to 400 mg/dL
• D-dimer: less than 0.5 mcg/mL
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