Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?

Alpha 3 adrenergic blocker.

Alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist.

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist.

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension. They work by preventing the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, thus lowering the blood pressure. Some examples of alpha 1 blockers are doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.

Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist. There are only two subtypes of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2.

Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists are not used for hypertension. They are used for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opioid withdrawal. Alpha 2 antagonists block the negative feedback mechanism of norepinephrine release, thus increasing the amount of norepinephrine in the blood and raising the blood pressure.

Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists have the opposite effect of alpha 1 blockers. They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors and cause vasoconstriction, which increases the blood pressure. Alpha 1 agonists are used for conditions like nasal congestion and hypotension.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Taking niacin with an NSAID such as ibuprofen can reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy. Flushing is a side effect of taking large doses of niacin (vitamin B3) supplements.It happens when the niacin causes the small blood vessels in your skin to dilate so more blood can rush through.Flushing can cause skin redness, warmth, itching, tingling, or burning sensations.

Choice A is wrong because taking niacin before starting daily activities can increase the risk of flushing and interfere with your routine.Flushing usually occurs within 15 to 30 minutes of taking niacin and lasts for about an hour.

Choice B is wrong because taking niacin with a sedative can increase the risk of liver damage, especially if the sedative is acetaminophen (Tylenol).Niacin can also cause liver problems at high doses, so combining it with another liver-toxic drug is not advisable.

Choice C is wrong because taking niacin with grapefruit juice can increase the risk of side effects, such as low blood pressure, dizziness, or fainting.Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of some drugs, including niacin, and make them more potent or toxic.

Normal ranges for niacin intake vary depending on age and gender.The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adult males is 16 mg per day and for adult females is 14 mg per day.Higher doses of niacin may be prescribed by a doctor to treat high cholesterol or other conditions, but they should be taken under medical supervision and with caution.

A. Increase blood vessel spasm. B. Decrease flow of calcium ions thus decreasing heart rate and contractions. C. Decrease refractory period. D. Increase heart rate.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers decrease the flow of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus decreasing heart rate and contractions.By reducing the calcium influx, they also decrease the slope of phase 0 and 4 and prolong phase 2 of the cardiac action potential.This results in vasodilation, reduced myocardial oxygen demand, and decreased conduction through the AV node.

Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase blood vessel spasm, but rather cause vasodilation.

Choice C is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not decrease refractory period, but rather prolong it by extending phase 2 of the cardiac action potential.

Choice D is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase heart rate, but rather decrease it by slowing down the pacemaker activity and AV nodal conduction.

Normal ranges for heart rate are 60 to 100 beats per minute, and for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg or lower.

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Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which administration strategy can a patient implement to reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

To prevent urinary tract infection, the nurse must teach the patient the following. Select all that apply.

Which drug class is capable of dissolving blood clots?

Which range of systolic blood pressure is classified as stage 1 hypertension?

A client has been prescribed an alpha-adrenergic, terazosin for their benign prostatic hypertrophy. The nurse plans to include which of the following in the client teaching?

Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside that is among the oldest medications used for heart failure. What are its two primary actions?

A client is prescribed a thiazide diuretic for the management of hypertension. The nurse plans to assess the client for allergy to?

In which condition is leg pain produced upon increased activity and ischemia to tissues, but then the pain is reduced with rest?

Certain factors place us at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors? Select all that apply.