Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?
Alpha 3 adrenergic blocker.
Alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist.
Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist.
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents.
The Correct Answer is D
Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension. They work by preventing the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, thus lowering the blood pressure. Some examples of alpha 1 blockers are doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.
Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist. There are only two subtypes of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2.
Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists are not used for hypertension. They are used for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opioid withdrawal. Alpha 2 antagonists block the negative feedback mechanism of norepinephrine release, thus increasing the amount of norepinephrine in the blood and raising the blood pressure.
Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists have the opposite effect of alpha 1 blockers. They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors and cause vasoconstriction, which increases the blood pressure. Alpha 1 agonists are used for conditions like nasal congestion and hypotension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Intermittent claudication is a condition in which leg pain is produced upon increased activity and ischemia to tissues, but then the pain is reduced with rest. This is because the blood flow to the leg muscles is insufficient to meet the increased demand during exercise, but adequate at rest.Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is a narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the legs.
Choice B, sporadic ischemia, is wrong because it is not a specific medical term for a condition that causes leg pain.
Ischemia means reduced blood flow to a part of the body, which can cause pain, but it can be caused by various factors and affect different organs.
Choice C, angina, is wrong because it is a term for chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, not the legs.
Angina can also be triggered by physical activity and relieved by rest, but it is not related to PAD or leg ischemia.
Choice D, restless leg syndrome, is wrong because it is a condition that causes an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, usually at night or when lying down.
Restless leg syndrome does not cause pain or ischemia in the legs, and it is not improved by rest.It is thought to be related to a problem with the nervous system or iron deficiency.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have the action ofdecreasing the flow of calcium ionsinto the cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, thusdecreasing heart rate and contractions.
This leads to vasodilation and myocardial depression, which can help control arrhythmias, hypertension and angina.
Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase blood vessel spasm, but rather relax them by inhibiting the calcium influx that causes contraction.
Choice C is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not promote platelet aggregation, but rather inhibit it by interfering with the calcium-dependent binding of fibrinogen to platelets.
Choice D is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not enhance sympathetic nervous system activity, but rather counteract it by reducing the cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
Some normal ranges for reference are:
• Heart rate: 60-100 beats per minute
• Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
• Calcium: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
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