A patient is diagnosed with hypertension.
What is the initial recommendation for this patient likely to be?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

Combination diuretic.

Beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

Diet and exercise.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

According to the International Society of Hypertension, lifestyle interventions are recommended for three to six months before medication in patients with grade 1 hypertension (BP < 160/100 mm Hg) and no comorbidities. Diet and exercise can lower BP by reducing weight, sodium intake, alcohol consumption, and stress levels.

Choice A is wrong because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are not the first-line medication for hypertension in the general population. They are preferred in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure.

Choice B is wrong because combination diuretics are not the initial recommendation for hypertension. They are used when monotherapy is not sufficient to achieve the target BP or when there is fluid retention.

Choice C is wrong because beta-adrenergic blocking agents are not the first-line medication for hypertension in the general population. They are preferred in patients with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are a class of drugs that block the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and raise blood pressure. Examples of ARBs include losartan, valsartan, candesartan, and irbesartan.ARBs are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.

Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of drugs that prevent calcium from entering the cells of the heart and blood vessels, causing them to relax and lower blood pressure.

Examples of CCBs include amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine.CCBs are used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.

Choice B is wrong because beta blockers are a class of drugs that reduce the heart rate and force of contraction, lowering the cardiac output and blood pressure.

Examples of beta blockers include atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and bisoprolol.Beta blockers are used to treat hypertension, angina, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

Choice C is wrong because platelet inhibitors are a class of drugs that prevent platelets from clumping together and forming blood clots.

Examples of platelet inhibitors include aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel.Platelet inhibitors are used to prevent or treat cardiovascular events such as heart attack or stroke.

Choice E is wrong because ACE inhibitors are a class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing the production of this vasoconstrictor hormone.

Examples of ACE inhibitors include lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril, and captopril.ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.

A. Apply a new patch every 48hr. B. Cut each patch in half if angina attacks are under control. C. Take off the nitroglycerin patch for 30 min if a headache occurs. D. Remove the patch each evening.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This is because nitroglycerin patches can cause tolerance if they are used continuously, which reduces their effectiveness in preventing angina attacks. Removing the patch each evening allows the body to restore its sensitivity to the drug.

Choice A is wrong because nitroglycerin patches should be applied every 24 hours, not every 48 hours.

Applying a new patch every 48 hours would result in inadequate blood levels of the drug and increased risk of angina.

Choice B is wrong because nitroglycerin patches should not be cut in half or altered in any way.

Cutting the patch would compromise the integrity of the drug delivery system and could lead to unpredictable or excessive doses of the drug.

Choice C is wrong because nitroglycerin patches should not be taken off for 30 minutes if a headache occurs.

Headache is a common side effect of nitroglycerin due to its vasodilating action, but it usually subsides with continued use.

Taking off the patch for 30 minutes could increase the risk of angina by interrupting the steady blood levels of the drug.

The nurse should advise the client to take an analgesic such as acetaminophen for headache relief.

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A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. What is the initial recommendation for this patient likely to be?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Match the following drug classification with the appropriate drug,

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patch for angina pectoris. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient has been placed on a loop diuretic to reduce the fluid that has been accumulating in the lungs. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching about the medication by the nurse?

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside that is among the oldest medications used for heart failure. What are its two primary actions?

A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring blood electrolytes for four clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for digoxin toxicity?

A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?

The antidote to warfarin toxicity is what?

To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients, which measure is recommended by health care professionals?

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension.
What is the initial recommendation for this patient likely to be?