The greatest contributing factor that can lead to many diseases is what?
Trauma.
Lifestyle.
Congenital.
Genetics.
The Correct Answer is B
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for 74% of all deaths. NCDs are chronic diseases that are not transmitted from person to person, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. The main risk factors for NCDs are modifiable behaviours, such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol. These behaviours can lead to metabolic risk factors, such as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity, which in turn increase the risk of developing NCDs. Therefore, lifestyle changes that reduce these risk factors can prevent or delay many NCDs and improve health outcomes.
Choice A is wrong because trauma is not a major contributing factor to many diseases. Trauma is an injury or damage to living tissue caused by an external force, such as accidents, violence or natural disasters. Trauma can result in acute or chronic conditions, such as infections, fractures, burns, bleeding or organ failure.
However, trauma is not a common cause of NCDs, which are the main burden of disease globally.
Choice C is wrong because congenital factors are not the greatest contributing factor to many diseases. Congenital factors are those that are present at birth, such as genetic disorders, birth defects or inherited diseases. Congenital factors can affect the development and function of various organs and systems in the body, leading to various health problems.
However, congenital factors are not the main cause of NCDs, which are largely influenced by environmental and behavioural factors.
Choice D is wrong because genetics is not the greatest contributing factor to many diseases.
Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited and expressed in living organisms.
Genetics can influence the susceptibility and resistance to various diseases, as well as the response to treatment and prevention strategies.
However, genetics is not the sole determinant of health and disease, as environmental and behavioural factors also play a significant role in modulating gene expression and function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This is because nitroglycerin patches can cause tolerance if they are used continuously, which reduces their effectiveness in preventing angina attacks. Removing the patch each evening allows the body to restore its sensitivity to the drug.
Choice A is wrong because nitroglycerin patches should be applied every 24 hours, not every 48 hours.
Applying a new patch every 48 hours would result in inadequate blood levels of the drug and increased risk of angina.
Choice B is wrong because nitroglycerin patches should not be cut in half or altered in any way.
Cutting the patch would compromise the integrity of the drug delivery system and could lead to unpredictable or excessive doses of the drug.
Choice C is wrong because nitroglycerin patches should not be taken off for 30 minutes if a headache occurs.
Headache is a common side effect of nitroglycerin due to its vasodilating action, but it usually subsides with continued use.
Taking off the patch for 30 minutes could increase the risk of angina by interrupting the steady blood levels of the drug.
The nurse should advise the client to take an analgesic such as acetaminophen for headache relief.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diuretics are drugs that increase the amount of urine and salt (sodium) excreted by the kidneys. They are used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema (fluid retention). However, some diuretics can cause low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia), which can lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and arrhythmias. To prevent this, a combination of diuretics acting on different parts of the kidney (such as a loop diuretic and a thiazide diuretic) may be prescribed.This way, the potassium-sparing effect of one diuretic can balance the potassium-wasting effect of the other, while still achieving a net sodium loss.
Choice A is wrong because they are not a part of the initial diuretic therapy.Combination diuretic therapy is usually reserved for patients who are resistant to or intolerant of monotherapy.
Choice C is wrong because little follow up is not needed after the initial treatment.Patients on combination diuretic therapy require close monitoring of their blood pressure, electrolytes, renal function, and weight to avoid adverse effects such as dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension, and worsening renal function.
Choice D is wrong because they do not increase the risk of hypokalemia.As explained above, combination diuretic therapy aims to reduce the risk of hypokalemia by using a potassium-sparing diuretic along with a potassium-wasting diuretic.
Normal ranges for serum potassium are 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L and for serum sodium are 135 to 145 mmol/L.
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