Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Increase blood vessel spasm.

Decrease flow of calcium ions thus decreasing heart rate and contractions.

Decrease refractory period.

Increase heart rate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers decrease the flow of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus decreasing heart rate and contractions. By reducing the calcium influx, they also decrease the slope of phase 0 and 4 and prolong phase 2 of the cardiac action potential. This results in vasodilation, reduced myocardial oxygen demand, and decreased conduction through the AV node.

Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase blood vessel spasm, but rather cause vasodilation.

Choice C is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not decrease refractory period, but rather prolong it by extending phase 2 of the cardiac action potential.

Choice D is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase heart rate, but rather decrease it by slowing down the pacemaker activity and AV nodal conduction.

Normal ranges for heart rate are 60 to 100 beats per minute, and for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg or lower.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Diuretics are medicines that help the kidneys get rid of excess water and salt, which can ease the symptoms of heart failure, such as breathlessness and swelling.However, diuretics may also lower the blood pressure by reducing the blood volume and the cardiac output. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, or fainting.Hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure lower than 60 mmHg.

Choice A is wrong because fluid retention is the opposite of what diuretics do. Diuretics increase the urine output and decrease the fluid accumulation in the body.

Choice C is wrong because hyperglycemia is not a common side effect of diuretics. Hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too high.Diuretics may affect the blood sugar level in some cases, but usually not significantly.

Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is not a typical side effect of diuretics.

Diarrhea is a condition where the stool is loose and watery.Diuretics may cause some gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or cramps, but not diarrhea.

Normal ranges for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg for systolic/diastolic in healthy adults, and 140/90 mmHg or higher for hypertension.Normal ranges for blood sugar are 70-100 mg/dL for fasting glucose, and less than 140 mg/dL for postprandial glucose.

A. Thiazide diuretic Hydrochlorothiazide. B. Osmotic diuretic Mannitol. C. Potassium sparing diuretic Aldactone. D. Loop diuretic Furosemide.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is because potassium sparing diuretics do not lower potassium levels in the blood, unlike other types of diuretics.Potassium is an essential electrolyte that serves nerve and muscular functions and is regulated by the kidneys.Low potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and other problems. Therefore, patients taking potassium sparing diuretics should avoid food sources that are high in potassium, such as bananas, avocados, spinach, and potatoes.

Choice A is wrong because thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, can cause low potassium levels in the blood.

Patients taking thiazide diuretics may need to take potassium supplements or eat more potassium-rich foods to prevent hypokalemia.

Choice B is wrong because osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, do not affect potassium levels in the blood.

They work by increasing the amount of water in the urine, but do not alter the electrolyte balance.

Osmotic diuretics are mainly used to treat cerebral edema and glaucoma.

Choice D is wrong because loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can also cause low potassium levels in the blood.

They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, a part of the kidney.

Loop diuretics are used to treat edema and heart failure.

Normal ranges for potassium in the blood are 3.5 to 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

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Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The use of diuretics in the treatment of heart failure may lead to what condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following diuretic agents will the nurse teach the patient to avoid food sources that are high in potassium?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse in a provider’s office is monitoring blood electrolytes for four clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client’s risk for digoxin toxicity?

Which range of systolic blood pressure is classified as stage 1 hypertension?

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Anu is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting simvastatin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

When administering sublingual nitroglycerin for emergency treatment of angina or chest pain, the nurse monitors for which common adverse effect?

A patient has been placed on a loop diuretic to reduce the fluid that has been accumulating in the lungs. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching about the medication by the nurse?

A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

The nurse is preparing a patient’s daily dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), an inotropic drug. The adult patient has an apical pulse of 48/min. What should the nurse do next?