The use of diuretics in the treatment of heart failure may lead to what condition?
Fluid retention.
Hypotension.
Hyperglycemia.
Diarrhea.
The Correct Answer is B
Diuretics are medicines that help the kidneys get rid of excess water and salt, which can ease the symptoms of heart failure, such as breathlessness and swelling. However, diuretics may also lower the blood pressure by reducing the blood volume and the cardiac output. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, or fainting. Hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure lower than 60 mmHg.
Choice A is wrong because fluid retention is the opposite of what diuretics do. Diuretics increase the urine output and decrease the fluid accumulation in the body.
Choice C is wrong because hyperglycemia is not a common side effect of diuretics. Hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too high. Diuretics may affect the blood sugar level in some cases, but usually not significantly.
Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is not a typical side effect of diuretics.
Diarrhea is a condition where the stool is loose and watery. Diuretics may cause some gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or cramps, but not diarrhea.
Normal ranges for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg for systolic/diastolic in healthy adults, and 140/90 mmHg or higher for hypertension. Normal ranges for blood sugar are 70-100 mg/dL for fasting glucose, and less than 140 mg/dL for postprandial glucose.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Digoxin is a medication that can help the heart pump more blood and slow down the heart rate in certain conditions, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation.However, digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range, which means that too much or too little of it can be harmful.The therapeutic range of digoxin levels in the blood is 0.5-2 ng/mL, and the toxic level is >2.4 ng/mL.Digoxin should be held if the resting apical pulse of an infant is <90 bpm, an older child is <70 bpm, or an adult is <60 bpm.A pulse of 48/min in an adult is too low and could indicate digoxin toxicity, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Therefore, the nurse should withhold the dose and notify the health care provider immediately.
Choice B is wrong because notifying the health care provider and monitoring the patient’s vital signs are not enough.
The nurse should also withhold the dose to prevent further exposure to digoxin.
Choice C is wrong because rechecking the pulse, making sure to count for 1 full minute, is not necessary.The nurse should already have counted the pulse for 1 full minute before administering digoxin, as per standard procedure.
Choice D is wrong because administering the dose could worsen the patient’s condition and increase the risk of digoxin toxicity and arrhythmias.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
According to the International Society of Hypertension, lifestyle interventions are recommended for three to six months before medication in patients with grade 1 hypertension (BP < 160/100 mm Hg) and no comorbidities.Diet and exercise can lower BP by reducing weight, sodium intake, alcohol consumption, and stress levels.
Choice A is wrong because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are not the first-line medication for hypertension in the general population.They are preferred in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure.
Choice B is wrong because combination diuretics are not the initial recommendation for hypertension.They are used when monotherapy is not sufficient to achieve the target BP or when there is fluid retention.
Choice C is wrong because beta-adrenergic blocking agents are not the first-line medication for hypertension in the general population.They are preferred in patients with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias.
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