The use of diuretics in the treatment of heart failure may lead to what condition?
Fluid retention.
Hypotension.
Hyperglycemia.
Diarrhea.
The Correct Answer is B
Diuretics are medicines that help the kidneys get rid of excess water and salt, which can ease the symptoms of heart failure, such as breathlessness and swelling. However, diuretics may also lower the blood pressure by reducing the blood volume and the cardiac output. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, or fainting. Hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure lower than 60 mmHg.
Choice A is wrong because fluid retention is the opposite of what diuretics do. Diuretics increase the urine output and decrease the fluid accumulation in the body.
Choice C is wrong because hyperglycemia is not a common side effect of diuretics. Hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too high. Diuretics may affect the blood sugar level in some cases, but usually not significantly.
Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is not a typical side effect of diuretics.
Diarrhea is a condition where the stool is loose and watery. Diuretics may cause some gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or cramps, but not diarrhea.
Normal ranges for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg for systolic/diastolic in healthy adults, and 140/90 mmHg or higher for hypertension. Normal ranges for blood sugar are 70-100 mg/dL for fasting glucose, and less than 140 mg/dL for postprandial glucose.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Pentoxifylline is a medication that improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to the tissues in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), a condition that causes narrowing of the arteries in the legs.Pentoxifylline can help reduce the symptoms of intermittent claudication, which is cramping pain in the legs that occurs with walking and improves with rest.
Choice A is correct because smoking is a major risk factor for PVD and quitting smoking can improve blood flow and prevent further damage to the arteries.
Choice B is correct because prolonged sitting or standing can reduce blood flow to the legs and worsen symptoms of PVD.
Patients should avoid crossing their legs, wearing tight clothing, or exposing their legs to cold temperatures.They should also elevate their legs when resting and move them frequently.
Choice C is wrong because pentoxifylline should be taken on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after meals, to increase its absorption and effectiveness.
Choice D is wrong because physical activity is beneficial for patients with PVD and intermittent claudication.
Exercise can improve blood circulation, increase muscle strength, reduce pain, and lower cardiovascular risk factors.Patients should be encouraged to walk regularly, as tolerated, and follow a supervised exercise program if available.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers decrease the flow of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus decreasing heart rate and contractions.By reducing the calcium influx, they also decrease the slope of phase 0 and 4 and prolong phase 2 of the cardiac action potential.This results in vasodilation, reduced myocardial oxygen demand, and decreased conduction through the AV node.
Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase blood vessel spasm, but rather cause vasodilation.
Choice C is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not decrease refractory period, but rather prolong it by extending phase 2 of the cardiac action potential.
Choice D is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase heart rate, but rather decrease it by slowing down the pacemaker activity and AV nodal conduction.
Normal ranges for heart rate are 60 to 100 beats per minute, and for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg or lower.
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