Which administration strategy can a patient implement to reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy?

Take before starting daily activities.

Take with a sedative.

Take with grapefruit juice.

Take with an NSAID such as ibuprofen.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Taking niacin with an NSAID such as ibuprofen can reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy. Flushing is a side effect of taking large doses of niacin (vitamin B3) supplements. It happens when the niacin causes the small blood vessels in your skin to dilate so more blood can rush through. Flushing can cause skin redness, warmth, itching, tingling, or burning sensations.

Choice A is wrong because taking niacin before starting daily activities can increase the risk of flushing and interfere with your routine. Flushing usually occurs within 15 to 30 minutes of taking niacin and lasts for about an hour.

Choice B is wrong because taking niacin with a sedative can increase the risk of liver damage, especially if the sedative is acetaminophen (Tylenol). Niacin can also cause liver problems at high doses, so combining it with another liver-toxic drug is not advisable.

Choice C is wrong because taking niacin with grapefruit juice can increase the risk of side effects, such as low blood pressure, dizziness, or fainting. Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of some drugs, including niacin, and make them more potent or toxic.

Normal ranges for niacin intake vary depending on age and gender. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adult males is 16 mg per day and for adult females is 14 mg per day. Higher doses of niacin may be prescribed by a doctor to treat high cholesterol or other conditions, but they should be taken under medical supervision and with caution.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Digoxin is a medication that can help the heart pump more blood and slow down the heart rate in certain conditions, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation.However, digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range, which means that too much or too little of it can be harmful.The therapeutic range of digoxin levels in the blood is 0.5-2 ng/mL, and the toxic level is >2.4 ng/mL.Digoxin should be held if the resting apical pulse of an infant is <90 bpm, an older child is <70 bpm, or an adult is <60 bpm.A pulse of 48/min in an adult is too low and could indicate digoxin toxicity, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Therefore, the nurse should withhold the dose and notify the health care provider immediately.

Choice B is wrong because notifying the health care provider and monitoring the patient’s vital signs are not enough.

The nurse should also withhold the dose to prevent further exposure to digoxin.

Choice C is wrong because rechecking the pulse, making sure to count for 1 full minute, is not necessary.The nurse should already have counted the pulse for 1 full minute before administering digoxin, as per standard procedure.

Choice D is wrong because administering the dose could worsen the patient’s condition and increase the risk of digoxin toxicity and arrhythmias.

A. To dissolve the existing clots. B. To transport platelets. C. To prevent the formation of new clots. D. To increase blood viscosity.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Anticoagulants are medicines that increase the time it takes for blood to clot.They do not dissolve existing clots, but they can stop them from getting bigger or prevent new clots from forming.Anticoagulants work by interfering with different steps of the blood coagulation pathway, which is a complex process that involves many clotting factors.

Choice A is wrong because anticoagulants do not dissolve existing clots.To dissolve clots, you need medicines called thrombolytics or fibrinolytics, which break down the fibrin that holds the clots together.

Choice B is wrong because anticoagulants do not transport platelets.

Platelets are blood cells that help with clotting by sticking together and forming a plug at the site of an injury.Anticoagulants may affect the function of platelets, but they do not move them around.

Choice D is wrong because anticoagulants do not increase blood viscosity.

Viscosity is a measure of how thick and sticky a fluid is.

Anticoagulants are sometimes called blood thinners, but they do not actually change the viscosity of blood.They just make it less likely to clot.

Normal ranges for blood clotting tests vary depending on the type of test and the laboratory that performs it.

Some common tests and their normal ranges are:

• Prothrombin time (PT): 11 to 13.5 seconds

• International normalized ratio (INR): 0.8 to 1.2

• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 25 to 35 seconds

• Anti-factor Xa: 0.3 to 0.7 units/mL

• D-dimer: less than 0.5 mcg/mL

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Which administration strategy can a patient implement to reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing a patient’s daily dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), an inotropic drug. The adult patient has an apical pulse of 48/min. What should the nurse do next?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

What is the main action of anticoagulant drugs?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Match the following drug classification with the appropriate drug,

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