Certain factors place us at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following are modifiable risk factors? Select all that apply.
Cholesterol level.
Blood pressure.
Family history.
Weight.
Smoking.
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
These are all modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, meaning they can be changed through lifestyle choices or medication. Cholesterol level, blood pressure, weight, and smoking all affect the health of the heart and blood vessels, and can increase the risk of developing conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack, or stroke.
Choice C, family history, is not a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
It is a non-modifiable risk factor, meaning it cannot be changed and is determined by genetics.
Having a family history of cardiovascular disease can increase the risk of developing it, but it does not mean that it is inevitable. Other non-modifiable risk factors include sex, older age, race and ethnicity.
Some normal ranges for the modifiable risk factors are:
• Cholesterol level: total cholesterol should be less than 200 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol should be less than 100 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol should be more than 40 mg/dL for men and more than 50 mg/dL for women; triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dL.
• Blood pressure: normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg; elevated blood pressure is 120-129/less than 80 mmHg; hypertension stage 1 is 130-139/80-89 mmHg; hypertension stage 2 is 140 or higher/90 or higher mmHg.
• Weight: body mass index (BMI) is a measure of weight relative to height; normal BMI is 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; overweight BMI is 25-29.9 kg/m2; obese BMI is 30 or higher kg/m2.
• Smoking: smoking any amount of tobacco products can harm the cardiovascular system; quitting smoking can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve overall health.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Report any muscle pain or weakness to the healthcare provider.This is because simvastatin This is because simvastatin can cause a rare but serious side effect of muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), which can lead to kidney failure.Muscle pain or weakness can be signs of muscle breakdown and kidney damage, and should be reported to the healthcare provider as soon as possible.
Choice A is wrong because changing position slowly when rising from a chair is not related to simvastatin.This is a precaution for people who take medications that lower blood pressure, such as diuretics or beta blockers, to prevent dizziness or fainting.
Choice B is wrong because maintaining a steady intake of green leafy vegetables is not specific to simvastatin.This is a general dietary recommendation for people who take anticoagulants, such as warfarin, to prevent bleeding complications.
Choice C is wrong because consuming no more than 1 L/day of fluid is not advised for people who take simvastatin.This is a restriction for people who have heart failure or kidney disease, to prevent fluid overload.People who take simvastatin should drink enough fluids to stay hydrated and avoid dehydration, which can increase the risk of kidney damage.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Diuretics are medicines that help the kidneys get rid of excess water and salt, which can ease the symptoms of heart failure, such as breathlessness and swelling.However, diuretics may have some side effects, such as loss of potassium, which can affect the heart and require regular blood tests and dietary changes.Diuretics can also cause other electrolyte abnormalities, such as hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Electrolyte disturbances can have serious consequences for the heart function and rhythm, as well as other organs.
Choice A is wrong because fluid retention is the opposite of what diuretics do.
Diuretics reduce fluid retention by increasing urine output and decreasing blood volume.
Choice B is wrong because hypotension is not a direct effect of diuretics on the heart, but rather a consequence of reduced blood volume and vasodilation.
Hypotension can occur with diuretic use, especially if the dose is too high or the patient is dehydrated, but it is not a specific condition caused by diuretics.
Choice C is wrong because hyperglycemia is not related to diuretics or heart failure.
Hyperglycemia is a condition of high blood sugar, which can be caused by diabetes or other factors.
Diuretics do not affect blood sugar levels directly, although some diuretics may interact with diabetes medications and affect their efficacy.
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