Anu is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting simvastatin.
Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Change position slowly when rising from a chair.
Maintain a steady intake of green leafy vegetables.
Consume no more than 1 L/day of fluid.
Take this medication in the evening.
The Correct Answer is D
Simvastatin is a type of drug called a statin, which lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Statins work by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver, and the liver produces more cholesterol at night. Therefore, taking simvastatin in the evening can increase its effectiveness.
Choice A is wrong because changing position slowly when rising from a chair is not related to simvastatin use.
This advice is usually given to people who have low blood pressure or take medications that lower blood pressure, such as diuretics or beta blockers.
Choice B is wrong because maintaining a steady intake of green leafy vegetables is not specific to simvastatin use.
This advice is usually given to people who take anticoagulants, such as warfarin, because green leafy vegetables contain vitamin K, which can affect the blood clotting process.
Choice C is wrong because consuming no more than 1 L/day of fluid is not related to simvastatin use.
This advice is usually given to people who have fluid retention or heart failure, because excess fluid can put strain on the heart and lungs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Nitroglycerin transdermal patches are used to prevent episodes of angina (chest pain) in people who have coronary artery disease (narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart).Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that works by relaxing the blood vessels so that the heart does not need to work as hard and therefore does not need as much oxygen.However, if nitroglycerin is used continuously, the body may develop tolerance to its effects, meaning that it will not work as well to prevent angina attacks.Therefore, it is important to remove the patch at bedtime and apply a new one in the morning, leaving a 10-12 hour nitrate-free interval.This way, the body can restore its sensitivity to nitroglycerin and avoid angina episodes during the day.
Choice A is wrong because allergic response is not a common reason to remove the patch at night.Although some people may experience skin irritation or rash from the patch, this is usually mild and does not require discontinuation of the medication.If the skin reaction is severe or bothersome, the patch can be applied to a different area of the skin or switched to another form of nitroglycerin.
Choice C is wrong because overdose is unlikely to occur from using the patch as prescribed.Nitroglycerin patches come in doses ranging from 0.1 milligrams per hour to 0.8 mg/hr, and should be placed on clean, dry, and hairless skin for 12-14 hours and removed for 10-12 hours.If a patch loosens or falls off, it should be replaced with a fresh one.Overdose symptoms may include severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, sweating, chest pain, fast or irregular heartbeat, difficulty breathing, fainting, or seizures.If these occur, the patch should be removed immediately and medical attention should be sought.
Choice D is wrong because management of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is not related to nitroglycerin use.
BPH is a condition
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This is because potassium sparing diuretics do not lower potassium levels in the blood, unlike other types of diuretics.Potassium is an essential electrolyte that serves nerve and muscular functions and is regulated by the kidneys.Low potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and other problems. Therefore, patients taking potassium sparing diuretics should avoid food sources that are high in potassium, such as bananas, avocados, spinach, and potatoes.
Choice A is wrong because thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, can cause low potassium levels in the blood.
Patients taking thiazide diuretics may need to take potassium supplements or eat more potassium-rich foods to prevent hypokalemia.
Choice B is wrong because osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, do not affect potassium levels in the blood.
They work by increasing the amount of water in the urine, but do not alter the electrolyte balance.
Osmotic diuretics are mainly used to treat cerebral edema and glaucoma.
Choice D is wrong because loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can also cause low potassium levels in the blood.
They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, a part of the kidney.
Loop diuretics are used to treat edema and heart failure.
Normal ranges for potassium in the blood are 3.5 to 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
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