Which factor is known to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?

Previous birth of large infant

Underweight before pregnancy

Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Maternal age younger than 25 years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: A previous birth of a large infant (macrosomia) is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A large infant may indicate that the mother had high blood glucose levels during pregnancy, which can cause the fetus to grow larger than normal. Women who have had a large infant are more likely to develop GDM in subsequent pregnancies.

Choice B reason: Underweight before pregnancy is not a risk factor for GDM. In fact, being overweight or obese before pregnancy is a risk factor for GDM, as it increases insulin resistance and makes it harder for the body to use glucose effectively.

Choice C reason: A previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for GDM. It is a contraindication for GDM, as it means that the woman already has diabetes before pregnancy. GDM is a condition that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery.

Choice D reason: Maternal age younger than 25 years is not a risk factor for GDM. In fact, being older than 25 years is a risk factor for GDM, as it increases the risk of insulin resistance and other metabolic changes that can affect glucose tolerance.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is characterized by a progressive decline of the immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and cancers. It does not have recurrent episodes, but rather a chronic and incurable course.

Choice B reason: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes. It is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes of painful blisters and ulcers in the genital area. The virus remains latent in the nerve cells and can reactivate periodically or in response to triggers such as stress, illness, or menstruation.

Choice C reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes genital warts and cervical cancer. It is characterized by a persistent infection that may or may not produce symptoms. It does not have recurrent episodes, but rather a variable and unpredictable course.

Choice D reason: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes mild or asymptomatic infections in healthy adults. It is characterized by a latent infection that can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals, causing serious complications such as retinitis, pneumonia, or encephalitis. It does not have recurrent episodes, but rather a dormant and opportunistic course.

A. Further testing will be performed to determine the meaning of this score. B. The test results are within normal limits. C. An obstetric specialist will evaluate the results of this profile and, within the next week, will inform you of your options regarding delivery. D. Immediate delivery by cesarean birth is being considered.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Further testing will not be performed to determine the meaning of this score, as the biophysical profile score is a reliable indicator of fetal well-being. It is a combination of five parameters: fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal heart rate. Each parameter is scored as 0 (abnormal) or 2 (normal), and the total score ranges from 0 to 10.

Choice B reason: The test results are within normal limits, as a biophysical profile score of 8 or higher indicates a healthy fetus with a low risk of hypoxia or acidosis. It also suggests that the placenta is functioning adequately and the pregnancy can continue safely.

Choice C reason: An obstetric specialist will not evaluate the results of this profile and, within the next week, will inform you of your options regarding delivery, as the biophysical profile score is interpreted by the nurse or the health care provider who performed the test. It is not a diagnostic test that requires a consultation with a specialist.

Choice D reason: Immediate delivery by cesarean birth is not being considered, as the biophysical profile score of 8 does not indicate any fetal distress or complication that would warrant an urgent intervention. Cesarean birth may be indicated for other reasons, such as malpresentation, placenta previa, or failure to progress in labor.

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Which factor is known to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

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