When reviewing the causes of late postpartum hemorrhage, which of the following would the nurse identify as the most common cause?
Select one:

Retained placental fragments.

Cervical or vaginal lacerations.

Uterine inversion.

Uterine atony.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason: Retained placental fragments. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent cause of late postpartum hemorrhage, which is less common than uterine atony. Retained placental fragments are pieces of placenta that remain atached to the uterine wall after delivery, which prevent uterine contraction and involution, and provide a source of bleeding and infection. Retained placental fragments can be caused by abnormal placentation (such as placenta accreta), manual removal of placenta, or incomplete separation of placenta.

Choice B Reason: Cervical or vaginal lacerations. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent cause of late postpartum hemorrhage, which is more likely to cause early postpartum hemorrhage than late postpartum hemorrhage. Cervical or vaginal lacerations are tears or cuts in the cervix or vagina that occur during delivery, which can cause bleeding from the damaged blood vessels. Cervical or vaginal lacerations can be caused by rapid or instrumental delivery, large or malpositioned fetus, or episiotomy.

Choice C Reason: Uterine inversion. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent cause of late postpartum hemorrhage, which is rare and life-threatening. Uterine inversion is a condition where the uterus turns inside out and protrudes through the cervix and vagina after delivery, which can cause massive bleeding and shock. Uterine inversion can be caused by excessive traction on the umbilical cord, fundal pressure, or uterine relaxation.

Choice D Reason: Uterine atony. This is because uterine atony is a condition where the uterus fails to contract and retract after delivery, which leads to bleeding from the placental site. Uterine atony is the most common cause of late postpartum hemorrhage, accounting for about 75% of cases. Late postpartum hemorrhage is excessive bleeding from the uterus or genital tract that occurs more than 24 hours but less than 12 weeks after delivery. Late postpartum hemorrhage can be caused by retained placental fragments, subinvolution of the uterus, infection, or coagulation disorders.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason: "My baby will always be smaller than other babies his age." This is an incorrect answer that indicates a misconception or pessimism about SGA newborns. SGA newborns may not always be smaller than other babies their age, as they may catch up in growth and development with appropriate nutrition and care. SGA newborns may have diﬀerent growth paterns depending on the cause and timing of their growth restriction.

Choice B Reason: "My baby will be okay as long as he has frequent feedings." This is an incorrect answer that indicates an oversimplification or optimism about SGA newborns. SGA newborns may not be okay with just frequent feedings, as they may have other problems or complications that require medical atention and intervention. SGA newborns may have increased nutritional needs and feeding difficulties due to low birth weight, poor suck-swallow coordination, or oral aversion.

Choice C Reason: "My baby will need to stay in the hospital until he weighs 5 pounds." This is an incorrect answer that indicates a misunderstanding or confusion about SGA newborns. SGA newborns may not need to stay in the hospital until they weigh 5 pounds, as they may be discharged earlier or later depending on their condition and readiness for home care. SGA newborns may have diﬀerent criteria for discharge based on their gestational age, weight gain, feeding tolerance, temperature stability, and absence of complications.

Choice D Reason: "My baby can get cold easily, may have low blood sugar, and may have trouble breathing." This is because this statement by the parents indicates that they understand some of the common problems and complications that SGA newborns may face. SGA newborns are those who weigh less than the 10th percentile for their gestational age, which can be due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or constitutional factors. SGA newborns may have difficulties with thermoregulation, glucose metabolism, and respiratory function due to inadequate fat stores, glycogen reserves, and surfactant production.

A. "Our baby's newborn rash is from this syndrome." B. "His face looks like it does due to this problem." C. "He can show signs of withdrawal from alcohol exposure like jiteriness, sweating, hyper reﬂexes, poor feeding and not sleeping well." D. "He is at risk of having intellectual disabilities, so we will need to get extra services to support him."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: "Our baby's newborn rash is from this syndrome." This is because this statement by a parent indicates that additional teaching is required, as it shows a misunderstanding or confusion about FAS and its manifestations. FAS is a condition that occurs when a woman consumes alcohol during pregnancy, which can aﬀect the development and function of various organs and systems in the fetus and child. FAS can cause physical, behavioral, and cognitive problems such as facial abnormalities, growth retardation, learning difficulties, and atention deficits. FAS does not cause newborn rash, which is a common and benign condition that aﬀects many newborns regardless of maternal alcohol intake. Newborn rash is also known as erythema toxicum neonatorum or baby acne, which is characterized by small red bumps or pustules on the face, chest, or back that usually disappear within a few weeks.

Choice B Reason: "His face looks like it does due to this problem." This is a correct answer that indicates adequate understanding of FAS and its features. Facial abnormalities are one of the characteristic signs of FAS, which include small eye openings, thin upper lip, ﬂat nasal bridge, and smooth philtrum (the groove between the nose and upper lip).

Choice C Reason: "He can show signs of withdrawal from alcohol exposure like jiteriness, sweating, hyper reﬂexes, poor feeding and not sleeping well." This is a correct answer that indicates adequate understanding of FAS and its complications. Signs of withdrawal are possible eﬀects of FAS, which occur when the fetus or newborn is exposed to alcohol in utero or through breast milk, which can cause neurotoxicity and dependency. Signs of withdrawal can include jiteriness, sweating, hyper reﬂexes, poor feeding, and not sleeping well, as well as irritability, seizures, or tremors.

Choice D Reason: "He is at risk of having intellectual disabilities, so we will need to get extra services to support him." This is a correct answer that indicates adequate understanding of FAS and its implications. Intellectual disabilities are potential outcomes of FAS, which aﬀect the cognitive development and function of the child. Intellectual disabilities can cause problems with memory, Reasoning, language, and social skills. Extra services and support may be needed to help the child achieve their optimal potential and quality of life.

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When reviewing the causes of late postpartum hemorrhage, which of the following would the nurse identify as the most common cause? Select one:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A term newborn weighs 4 pounds 5 ounces. The nurse assesses that this newborn is small for gestational age (SGA). The nurse knows that teaching has been eﬀective when the parents state: Select one:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Parents have been told their child has fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Which statement by a parent indicates that additional teaching is required? Select one:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

When reviewing the causes of late postpartum hemorrhage, which of the following would the nurse identify as the most common cause? Select one:

The nurse assesses a newborn at 36 weeks' gestation, and the following behaviors are noted: nasal ﬂaring, labored breathing, and excessive mucus. The nurse is most concerned about: Select one:

A postpartum client has a fourth-degree perineal laceration. The nurse would expect which of the following medications to be ordered? Select one:

A woman has just entered the third stage of labor. The nurse would focus care on which of the following? Select one:

The Mother-Baby nurse is caring for a two hour old newborn who is 36 4/7 weeks gestation. The nurse assesses that the newborn is experiencing tremors (jiteriness). What nursing action has the highest priority? Select one:

A woman is being treated for preterm labor with magnesium sulfate. Which finding by the nurse indicates magnesium sulfate toxicity? Select one:

At 22 weeks' gestation, a client is diagnosed with placenta previa. The doctor tells the client that the placenta may move away from the cervix as the pregnancy progresses. This is classified as what type of previa?

When reviewing the causes of late postpartum hemorrhage, which of the following would the nurse identify as the most common cause?
Select one: