When assessing your client who has a history of falls, you should pay particular attention to which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A. Comprehensive assessment

Explanation: A comprehensive assessment involves a thorough evaluation of various cognitive functions, including memory, attention, language, problem-solving, and executive functions. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of an individual's cognitive abilities.

B. Assessing for atypical presentation of illness

Explanation: Assessing for atypical presentation of illness is relevant in a cognitive assessment because some medical conditions or illnesses can manifest with cognitive symptoms. Recognizing atypical presentations helps in identifying potential underlying causes of cognitive changes.

C. Complete blood count

Explanation: While laboratory tests like a complete blood count (CBC) may be useful in identifying certain medical conditions that could affect cognition, it is not a direct component of a cognitive assessment. Cognitive assessments typically involve clinical interviews, neuropsychological testing, and observation of cognitive functions. Blood tests and other diagnostic tools may be used to complement the cognitive assessment but are not considered components of it.

D. Differentiating delirium, dementia, and depression

Explanation: Distinguishing between delirium, dementia, and depression is crucial in a cognitive assessment. Each condition has distinct characteristics, and accurate differentiation is necessary for appropriate intervention and management.

A. Hearing.

While hearing impairment can affect overall awareness, it is not as directly linked to the risk of falls as vision, cognitive disorders, and blood pressure-related issues.

B. Vision.

Correct. Visual impairment can contribute to an increased risk of falls.

C. Cognitive disorders.

Correct. Cognitive impairment or disorders can impact a person's awareness and ability to navigate their environment safely.

D. Preprandial hypotension.

Correct. Low blood pressure before meals (preprandial hypotension) can contribute to dizziness and falls, especially in older adults.

E. Orthostatic hypotension.

Correct. Orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure upon standing, is a risk factor for falls.