As a nurse caring for a cognitively impaired older adult client, you need to observe for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A. Pointing to a grimacing face or crying

Explanation: This behavior may indicate pain or discomfort, and it's important to assess and address the underlying cause.

B. Staring off into space

Explanation: Staring off into space may suggest disorientation or confusion. It's essential to evaluate whether this behavior is a manifestation of the client's cognitive impairment or if there are other contributing factors.

C. Aggression

Explanation: Aggression can be a behavioral expression of distress or frustration in cognitively impaired individuals. Identifying triggers and employing appropriate interventions is crucial for the safety of the client and others.

D. Agitation

Explanation: Agitation, restlessness, or pacing may be signs of discomfort, anxiety, or frustration in cognitively impaired individuals. Identifying the cause and implementing strategies to reduce agitation are essential aspects of care.

E. Increased confusion

Explanation: A sudden increase in confusion may indicate an underlying issue, such as an infection, medication side effect, or environmental change. Regular assessment of cognitive status helps in detecting changes and addressing them promptly.

F. Decreased passivity

Explanation: Passivity, or a lack of activity or initiative, is not necessarily a specific symptom commonly associated with cognitive impairment. Observing for changes in behavior, mood, and cognitive status is important, but the term "decreased passivity" is not a standard indicator of cognitive impairment. Instead, it's essential to assess for changes in behavior that may indicate distress or unmet needs.

A. Facilitates remote physical assessment and monitoring of chronic conditions

Explanation: Telehealth technology allows healthcare providers to remotely assess and monitor chronic conditions, enabling timely interventions and personalized care plans.

D. Promotes self-management of illness in rural and underserved areas

Explanation: Telehealth technology can help individuals in rural and underserved areas access healthcare services and information, promoting self-management of illnesses and improving overall health outcomes.

E. Decreases costs by reducing hospital readmissions

Explanation: Telehealth technology can contribute to reducing hospital readmissions by enabling remote monitoring, early detection of issues, and timely interventions, ultimately lowering healthcare costs associated with avoidable hospitalizations.

The following options are not accurate in relation to the benefits of telehealth technology:

B. Decreases costs by replacing the role of the nurse with technology

Explanation: Telehealth technology is not meant to replace the role of healthcare professionals, including nurses. Instead, it enhances their ability to provide care by extending access to patients, facilitating communication, and improving monitoring. The goal is to complement healthcare services rather than replace them.

C. Reimbursed by all health care insurances

Explanation: While reimbursement for telehealth services has expanded, it is not universally covered by all healthcare insurances. Coverage varies depending on the payer, state regulations, and the type of telehealth service provided. Reimbursement policies continue to evolve, and not all services may be covered by every insurance plan.