As a nurse caring for a cognitively impaired older adult client, you need to observe for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A. Ensuring ready access to a toilet or commode.

Explanation: Ensuring ready access to a toilet or commode for the client is a practical measure to address bowel incontinence. This proactive approach allows the client to respond to the urge to defecate promptly, reducing the risk of incontinence episodes.

B. Encouraging the intake of 1 L of water each day.

Explanation: While maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall bowel health, it may not directly address the issue of bowel incontinence.

C. Expecting a rapid and full recovery.

Explanation: The expectation of rapid and full recovery does not constitute a specific intervention for addressing bowel incontinence. The approach to managing bowel incontinence is typically individualized and may involve various strategies depending on the underlying causes.

D. Toileting the client 10 to 15 minutes after meals.

Explanation: Toileting the client after meals is a timing strategy that may help take advantage of the gastrocolic reflex, but it is only one aspect of a comprehensive program for managing bowel incontinence. Other interventions, such as dietary adjustments, exercise, and toileting schedules, may also be considered based on the client's specific needs.

A. It provides monetary benefits to American citizens and legal residents to prevent their dependency on their families.

Explanation: Medicaid primarily provides health coverage rather than direct monetary benefits. Its focus is on ensuring access to medical care for those in need.

B. It provides a minimum level of economic support.

Explanation: While Medicaid may indirectly support individuals by covering medical expenses, its primary purpose is to provide health insurance coverage, not economic support in a general sense.

C. It is designed to help the states defray the expenses for the poor.

Explanation: This option describes the collaborative nature of Medicaid, where both federal and state governments contribute to funding. However, the primary goal is to provide health coverage to eligible individuals rather than defraying general expenses for the poor.

D. It is meant to provide insurance coverage for medical care to the older adult and disabled populations, regardless of their financial situations.

Explanation: Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides health coverage for certain individuals and families with low incomes, including older adults and people with disabilities. It is designed to assist individuals who may not have the financial means to afford necessary medical care. Medicaid covers a broad range of medical services, and eligibility is determined based on income, household size, and other factors.