The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a newborn whose mother has poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus and observes the newborn is grunting with mild sternal retractions. The PN should recognize the newborn is exhibiting signs of which condition?

Hypothyroidism.

Patent ductus arteriosus.

Hyperinsulinemia.

Ventral septal defect.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The practical nurse (PN) should recognize that a newborn whose mother has poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus and is exhibiting grunting with mild sternal retractions is exhibiting signs of patent ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus arteriosus is a condition in which the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, fails to close after birth. This can result in abnormal blood ﬂow between the aorta and pulmonary artery, leading to respiratory distress.

Hypothyroidism (Option A) and hyperinsulinemia (Option C) are conditions that can occur in newborns, but they do not typically present with grunting and sternal retractions.

Ventral septal defect (Option D) is a congenital heart defect that can cause respiratory distress, but it is not specifically associated with maternal diabetes.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The best indicator to the practical nurse (PN) that the community bicycle safety education program was eﬀective is that the number of students wearing bicycle helmets increased by 10%. Wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle is an important safety measure that can help prevent head injuries in the event of an accident. An increase in the number of students wearing helmets indicates that the program was successful in promoting this safety behavior. The other findings listed may also provide useful information about the eﬀectiveness of the program, but the increase in helmet use is the most direct and measurable indicator of success.

A. An infection of the middle ear. B. A drainage out of the outer ear. C. A defect of the inner ear. D. An infection of the inner and outer ear.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Explanation: Acute otitis media is a common childhood illness that refers to an infection of the middle ear. It occurs when the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, becomes blocked and ﬂuid accumulates in the middle ear. This ﬂuid provides a breeding ground for bacteria, leading to infection and inﬂammation. Symptoms of acute otitis media can include ear pain, fever, irritability, and difficulty hearing. It is important for the PN to provide accurate information to the mother and to explain the treatment plan, which may include antibiotics and pain relief measures, as prescribed by the healthcare provider.

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The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a newborn whose mother has poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus and observes the newborn is grunting with mild sternal retractions. The PN should recognize the newborn is exhibiting signs of which condition?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The mother of a 3-year-old asks the practical nurse (PN) to clarify the healthcare provider's diagnosis of acute otitis media. Which is the most accurate explanation?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which newborn assessment finding of 24-hour-old infant should the practical nurse (PN) report to the charge nurse immediately?

A client with blood type AB negative delivers a newborn with blood type A positive. The cord blood reveals a positive indirect Coombs' test. What is the implication of this finding?

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When changing a diaper on a 2-day-old infant, the practical nurse (PN) observes that the baby's legs are ﬂexed with limited abduction. Based on this finding, what action should the PN take next?