The nurse is providing discharge education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. For each sign/symptom, indicate whether it is manifestation of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Select one option in each row.
Tremor
Lethargy
Seizures
Polydipsia
Abdominal pain
Sweating
Polyuria
Hunger
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"A"},"G":{"answers":"B"},"H":{"answers":"A"}}
Hypoglycemia
Tremor is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as low blood sugar levels can lead to shaky hands and trembling.
Seizures can occur in severe cases of hypoglycemia when the brain is deprived of glucose, leading to abnormal electrical activity and convulsions.
Sweating, particularly cold and clammy skin, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body responds to low blood sugar levels.
Hunger or sudden feelings of extreme hunger are common symptoms of hypoglycemia as the body seeks additional fuel to raise blood sugar levels.
Hyperglycemia
Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and drowsiness, is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, as elevated blood sugar levels can affect energy levels and lead to feelings of sluggishness.
Polydipsia is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can cause dehydration and trigger the body's thirst response.
Abdominal pain is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, particularly in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), where abdominal discomfort can be a sign of metabolic disturbances.
Polyuria is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can lead to increased urine production as the kidneys work to remove excess glucose from the bloodstream.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Insulin is typically administered via injections or an insulin pump, not in pill form. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require exogenous insulin to manage their blood sugar levels because their pancreas does not produce insulin.
B. Carbohydrate counting is a fundamental skill for individuals with diabetes, as it allows them to adjust their insulin dosage to match their carbohydrate intake, thereby helping to manage blood sugar levels.
C. Regular foot monitoring is crucial for individuals with diabetes, as they are at increased risk of developing foot problems due to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation.
D. Maintaining blood glucose levels within the target range (80-130 mg/dL before meals) helps reduce the risk of both short-term complications (e.g., hypoglycemia) and long-term complications (e.g., neuropathy, retinopathy) associated with diabetes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Beta cells are the pancreatic cells responsible for secreting insulin. Insulin acts to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. In individuals with diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of beta cells can lead to inadequate insulin secretion, resulting in high blood sugar levels.
A. Alpha cells are another type of cell in the pancreas, but they secrete glucagon, not insulin. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin, increasing blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
C. Acinar cells are exocrine cells found in the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ducts. These enzymes aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Acinar cells are not involved in the production of insulin.
D. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the immune response. They are not involved in the production of insulin.
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