Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?

A patient with migraines

A patient with leukemia

A patient with asthma

A patient who had a stroke

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D. Patients who have had a stroke are at high risk for aspiration pneumonia due to potential impairment of their swallowing mechanisms and decreased gag reflex, which can occur if the stroke affects the parts of the brain that control these functions. Dysphagia is a common complication of strokes and significantly increases the risk of aspiration.

A. Migraines can cause significant discomfort and sometimes nausea and vomiting, they do not typically impair swallowing or protective airway reflexes. Thus, this patient is not at high risk for aspiration pneumonia.
B. Leukemia itself does not directly increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. However, if the patient has complications such as severe weakness, altered mental status, or treatment side effects (like mucositis or infections), their risk could be increased, but it is not the primary concern in most leukemia cases.
C. Asthma affects the airways and causes difficulty breathing but does not typically impair swallowing or increase the risk of aspiration. While severe asthma attacks can cause coughing and choking, the primary issue is airway inflammation, not the risk of inhaling food or liquid.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, are known to increase the risk of peptic ulcer formation by disrupting the protective mucosal barrier of the stomach and duodenum.
Long-term or frequent use of NSAIDs can lead to mucosal damage and ulceration.
A. Consuming spicy foods frequently may irritate the lining of the stomach and increase the risk of developing peptic ulcers. However, the number of consumed meals is not specific to the risl of peptic ulcer formation.
C. Green tea consumption is generally not considered a significant risk factor for peptic ulcers. In fact, some studies suggest that compounds found in green tea may have protective effects against the development of peptic ulcers and may help reduce the risk of H. pylori infection, a common cause of ulcers.
D. Bulimia, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting, is a risk factor for peptic ulcers. The repeated exposure of stomach acid to the esophagus and stomach lining due to vomiting can lead to inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.

A. Most complications involve either the large or tiny vessels of the body. B. Type 1 diabetics are at greatest risk for complications even with tight control. C. Patients with HbA1c levels below 6.9% are less likely to experience complications. D. Chronic hypoglycemia causes a variety of serious complications.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diabetes can lead to damage of blood vessels throughout the body, both large and small. Complications can affect various organs and systems, including the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Damage to both large vessels (macrovascular complications) and tiny vessels (microvascular complications) contributes to the diverse range of complications associated with diabetes.
B. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of long-term complications, but the specific risks and patterns of complications may differ between the two types. While individuals with type 1 diabetes may face challenges in achieving tight glycemic control due to the complete absence of endogenous insulin production, tight control can significantly reduce the risk of complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
C. Lower HbA1c levels indicate better overall glycemic control and are associated with reduced risk of long-term complications. However, achieving tight glycemic control should be balanced with the risk of hypoglycemia and individual patient factors.
D. Hypoglycemia can also lead to increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to balance glycemic control to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia while also reducing the risk of hyperglycemia-related complications.

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Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for this condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to teach about the long-term complications for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Which finding is accurate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient with type 1 DM expresses concern about developing retinopathy due to a chronic disease. How should the nurse reply?

Which patient does the LPN/LVN identify at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A patient is admitted to the hospital with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The patient has a BG value of 987 mg/dL. Which is the priority focus while providing care?

What is the desired peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (Spo2) level in the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A newly diagnosed patient asks the nurse to explain asthma. Which of the following explanations by the nurse is correct?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is starting therapy with sucralfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?