The nurse is caring for a 22-year-old female patient who is brought to the emergency department with a new onset of blurred vision and headache. Use the chart to answer the questions.

Exhibits

The nurse recognizes the patient is demonstrating signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which findings support this recognition? Select all that apply.

(Select All that Apply.)

D. Obesity and weight loss are more directly linked to type 2 diabetes but they are not primary factors in the management of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin. Weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity, which might be relevant for type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance, but type 1 diabetes patients will always require exogenous insulin regardless of weight changes.
A. Patients with type 1 diabetes are at risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition caused by high blood glucose levels and ketone buildup due to insufficient insulin. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in preventing DKA.
B. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the insulin- producing beta cells in the pancreas. A viral infection can sometimes trigger this autoimmune response in genetically susceptible individuals.
C. There is a genetic component to type 1 diabetes, and having a family history of the disease can increase the risk, although environmental factors also play a role.

A. Oatmeal is a good source of fiber, which can help manage blood sugar levels. Whole-grain toast provides complex carbohydrates and fiber, and using an artificial sweetener in oatmeal reduces sugar intake. Tea is a good beverage choice as it does not contain sugar or calories if not sweetened.
B. This option is less appropriate for a patient with diabetes. While eggs are a good source of protein, bacon is high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health. Orange juice contains a high amount of natural sugar and can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. Coffee is fine if consumed without sugar or high-fat creamers.
C. Whole-grain toast with peanut butter provides fiber, protein, and healthy fats, which are beneficial. Skim milk is a good source of calcium and protein. However, the inclusion of orange juice is problematic due to its high sugar content, which can spike blood sugar levels.

D. While grapefruit is a low-sugar fruit, cranberry juice often contains added sugars and can increase blood glucose levels. A bagel, even with sugar-free jelly, is high in refined carbohydrates, which can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar.