The nurse is caring for a 22-year-old female patient who is brought to the emergency department with a new onset of blurred vision and headache. Use the chart to answer the questions.

Exhibits

The nurse recognizes the patient is demonstrating signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which findings support this recognition? Select all that apply.

(Select All that Apply.)

D. The priority focus in the acute management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia is improving hydration status. Patients with HHS are severely dehydrated due to the osmotic diuresis caused by extremely high blood glucose levels. Rapid rehydration is critical to prevent shock, improve organ perfusion, and reduce blood glucose levels.
A. It's important to consider age-related changes in any patient but this is not the immediate priority in the acute management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The primary concern is addressing the acute, life-threatening aspects of the condition.
B. Monitoring blood glucose levels is critical in managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. However, while it is essential to track the BG levels to guide insulin therapy and assess the response to treatment, it is not the immediate priority in terms of interventions needed to stabilize the patient initially.

C. Determining the underlying cause of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, such as an infection or other illness, is important for comprehensive treatment. However, it is a secondary priority to stabilizing the patient’s current acute condition.

D. Duodenal ulcers are peptic ulcers that develop in the first part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. They are the most common type of peptic ulcer. The classic symptom of a duodenal ulcer is intermittent upper abdominal pain that occurs about 2 to 3 hours after eating, particularly meals that contain acidic or spicy foods. The pain often wakes the patient from sleep and is relieved by eating or taking antacids.
A. Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, typically over bony prominences. They occur due to impaired blood flow and tissue damage, often in individuals who are bedridden or immobile.
B. Gastric ulcers are peptic ulcers that develop in the lining of the stomach. While gastric ulcers can cause upper abdominal pain, they typically occur shortly after eating or during meals, rather than 3 hours after eating or at night.
C. Esophageal ulcers are peptic ulcers that develop in the lining of the esophagus. They are relatively rare compared to gastric and duodenal ulcers. Esophageal ulcers can cause symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and heartburn, but they are not typically associated with the timing of symptoms described by the client.