A patient is admitted to a respiratory unit with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. Findings include a fever and a weak, congested-sounding cough with moist crackles throughout the lung fields. How should the nurse prioritize care?

Difficulty with breathing

Inability to clear the airway

Confusion from fever

Inadequate oxygen level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. The inability to clear the airway is a critical issue. This patient has a weak, congested-sounding cough and moist crackles, indicating that secretions are present and not being effectively cleared. This can lead to airway obstruction, decreased oxygenation, and further respiratory complications. Clearing the airway is a top priority to ensure the patient can breathe properly and prevent further deterioration.
A. Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) is a serious concern as it can indicate respiratory distress or failure. However, it is often a symptom rather than a primary issue, and its underlying causes (such as an inability to clear the airway or inadequate oxygen levels) must be addressed first.
C. Confusion can result from high fever, infection, or hypoxia. While it is important to address the fever and its underlying cause, confusion itself is usually a secondary issue. Addressing the primary respiratory issues will often improve the patient's mental status as well.
D. Hypoxia can result from severe pneumonia, and resolving it involves ensuring the patient has a clear airway and adequate ventilation. Measuring and correcting oxygen levels (e.g., with supplemental oxygen) is crucial, but the underlying cause (such as airway obstruction) must also be managed.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Alpha cells, also known as A cells, are a type of pancreatic islet cell (or islet of Langerhans cell) that secretes glucagon. Glucagon plays a crucial role in increasing blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and stimulating the release of glucose into the bloodstream.
A. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the immune response. They are not involved in the production of glucagon.
B. Acinar cells are exocrine cells found in the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ducts. These enzymes aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Acinar cells are not involved in the production of glucagon.

C. Beta cells are another type of cell in the pancreas, but they secrete insulin, not glucagon. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage.

A. diminished breath sounds B. ruddy skin color C. use of accessory muscles D. excess mucus production E. barrel shaped chest

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Diminished breath sounds can occur in emphysema due to decreased air movement through damaged and enlarged air sacs (alveoli). The destruction of alveolar walls reduces the surface area available for gas exchange and can result in decreased breath sounds.
C. Patients with emphysema may use accessory muscles, such as neck and shoulder muscles, to assist with breathing during periods of respiratory distress. These muscles are recruited to help increase the size of the thoracic cavity and improve airflow.
E. A barrel-shaped chest is a common physical finding in patients with emphysema. It results from hyperinflation of the lungs and is characterized by an increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest. This change in chest shape is due to air trapping in the lungs, leading to overinflation of the alveoli and increased residual volume.
B. Ruddy skin color, which refers to a reddish or flushed complexion, is not typically associated with emphysema. Instead, patients with emphysema may exhibit cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) during periods of hypoxemia (low oxygen levels).
D. Excess mucus production (mucus hypersecretion) is a characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis, which is often present alongside emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but it is not typically a primary feature of emphysema itself.

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A patient is admitted to a respiratory unit with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. Findings include a fever and a weak, congested-sounding cough with moist crackles throughout the lung fields. How should the nurse prioritize care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What type of cells secrete glucagon?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The patient with emphysema comes to the emergency department with difficulty breathing. What finding should the nurse anticipate during data collection? Select all that apply

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Which time would be ideal for the LPN/LVN to collect a sputum specimen?

The nurse is evaluating the knowledge of a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for additional information?

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for this condition?

Management of asthma involves avoidance of triggers. Which environmental triggers will the nurse suggest the patient eliminate? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a child who is starting to use a spacer with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to treat asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?

The nurse enters a room of a patient who is acutely short of breath. Which action should the nurse take first?