Management of asthma involves avoidance of triggers. Which environmental triggers will the nurse suggest the patient eliminate? Select all that apply.

(Select All that Apply.)

Cardiovascular exercise

Beta-blocking medications

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Carpet and drapes in the bedroom

Pets and foods that cause symptoms

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E

B. Beta-blocking medications, such as propranolol and metoprolol, can worsen asthma symptoms in some individuals by constricting the airways. Patients with asthma should avoid or use caution with beta-blockers, especially non-selective ones, as they can trigger or exacerbate asthma attacks.
C. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a well-established trigger for asthma symptoms and can exacerbate respiratory inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Patients with asthma should avoid exposure to secondhand smoke whenever possible to reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations.
D. Carpeting and drapes can harbor dust mites, pet dander, and other allergens that can trigger asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals. Patients with asthma may benefit from removing carpeting and minimizing soft furnishings in the bedroom to reduce exposure to allergens and improve air quality.
E. Pets, particularly those with fur or feathers, can be potent allergens for individuals with asthma. Patients with asthma should consider removing pets from the home or at least keeping them out of the bedroom to minimize exposure to pet dander.
A. Cardiovascular exercise can trigger asthma symptoms in some individuals but it is not typically recommended to eliminate exercise altogether. Instead, patients with asthma should be encouraged to engage in physical activities that are well-tolerated and to use appropriate preventive measures, such as pre-exercise bronchodilator therapy and warm-up exercises, to minimize symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Oatmeal is a good source of fiber, which can help manage blood sugar levels. Whole-grain toast provides complex carbohydrates and fiber, and using an artificial sweetener in oatmeal reduces sugar intake. Tea is a good beverage choice as it does not contain sugar or calories if not sweetened.
B. This option is less appropriate for a patient with diabetes. While eggs are a good source of protein, bacon is high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health. Orange juice contains a high amount of natural sugar and can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. Coffee is fine if consumed without sugar or high-fat creamers.
C. Whole-grain toast with peanut butter provides fiber, protein, and healthy fats, which are beneficial. Skim milk is a good source of calcium and protein. However, the inclusion of orange juice is problematic due to its high sugar content, which can spike blood sugar levels.

D. While grapefruit is a low-sugar fruit, cranberry juice often contains added sugars and can increase blood glucose levels. A bagel, even with sugar-free jelly, is high in refined carbohydrates, which can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar.

A. “I must take insulin pills for the rest of my life." B. “I will count my carbohydrates at each meal and snack." C. “I will monitor my feet carefully every day." D. "I will try to keep my blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL before meals."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Insulin is typically administered via injections or an insulin pump, not in pill form. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require exogenous insulin to manage their blood sugar levels because their pancreas does not produce insulin.
B. Carbohydrate counting is a fundamental skill for individuals with diabetes, as it allows them to adjust their insulin dosage to match their carbohydrate intake, thereby helping to manage blood sugar levels.
C. Regular foot monitoring is crucial for individuals with diabetes, as they are at increased risk of developing foot problems due to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation.
D. Maintaining blood glucose levels within the target range (80-130 mg/dL before meals) helps reduce the risk of both short-term complications (e.g., hypoglycemia) and long-term complications (e.g., neuropathy, retinopathy) associated with diabetes.

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Management of asthma involves avoidance of triggers. Which environmental triggers will the nurse suggest the patient eliminate? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

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Management of asthma involves avoidance of triggers. Which environmental triggers will the nurse suggest the patient eliminate? Select all that apply.

(Select All that Apply.)