The patient with emphysema comes to the emergency department with difficulty breathing. What finding should the nurse anticipate during data collection? Select all that apply

diminished breath sounds

ruddy skin color

use of accessory muscles

excess mucus production

barrel shaped chest

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. Diminished breath sounds can occur in emphysema due to decreased air movement through damaged and enlarged air sacs (alveoli). The destruction of alveolar walls reduces the surface area available for gas exchange and can result in decreased breath sounds.
C. Patients with emphysema may use accessory muscles, such as neck and shoulder muscles, to assist with breathing during periods of respiratory distress. These muscles are recruited to help increase the size of the thoracic cavity and improve airflow.
E. A barrel-shaped chest is a common physical finding in patients with emphysema. It results from hyperinflation of the lungs and is characterized by an increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest. This change in chest shape is due to air trapping in the lungs, leading to overinflation of the alveoli and increased residual volume.
B. Ruddy skin color, which refers to a reddish or flushed complexion, is not typically associated with emphysema. Instead, patients with emphysema may exhibit cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) during periods of hypoxemia (low oxygen levels).
D. Excess mucus production (mucus hypersecretion) is a characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis, which is often present alongside emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but it is not typically a primary feature of emphysema itself.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Orange juice is highly acidic and can irritate the esophagus, leading to increased heartburn symptoms. Regular consumption of acidic beverages like orange juice can exacerbate GERD symptoms, making this a likely contributing factor to the client's heartburn.
A. Consuming low-fat meats is generally not a contributing factor to heartburn. Low-fat meats are less likely to cause reflux compared to high-fat foods, which can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of acid reflux.
C. Eating dinner early in the evening is generally recommended for managing GERD. This practice allows more time for the stomach to empty before lying down to sleep, reducing the likelihood of acid reflux during the night.
D. Sleeping on a large wedge-style pillow is also generally recommended for managing GERD. Elevating the head and upper body during sleep can help prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus.

A. Baked turkey breast B. Spaghetti with red sauce C. Corned beef brisket D. Lemon pepper fish

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Lean proteins like baked turkey breast are generally well-tolerated by individuals with GERD. Turkey is low in fat, which reduces the likelihood of triggering reflux symptoms.
B. Spaghetti with red sauce can be problematic for individuals with GERD due to the acidity of the tomato sauce, which can exacerbate reflux symptoms. Tomato-based foods are often best avoided or consumed in moderation by those with GERD.
C. Corned beef brisket is high in fat, which can increase the risk of reflux symptoms. Fatty foods, especially those high in saturated fat like corned beef, are known triggers for GERD.
D. Citrus flavors, including lemon, can trigger reflux symptoms in some individuals. However, if the dish is prepared with a small amount of lemon pepper seasoning and does not cause symptoms for the individual, it may be acceptable.

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The patient with emphysema comes to the emergency department with difficulty breathing. What finding should the nurse anticipate during data collection? Select all that apply

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and reports having heartburn every night. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the client's heartburn?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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