The nurse is performing an assessment on a child and notes the presence of Koplik’s spots. In which communicable disease are Koplik’s spots present?

Rubella

Measles (rubeola)

Chickenpox (varicella)

Exanthema subitum (roseola)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Measles (rubeola) is a communicable disease that is characterized by Koplik’s spots, which are clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa opposite the lower molars. They appear two to three days before the measles rash and are pathognomonic for measles.

Choice A is wrong because rubella is a different viral infection that causes a mild rash and fever, but does not have Koplik’s spots.

Choice C is wrong because chickenpox (varicella) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and produces fluid-filled blisters on the skin, not white spots in the mouth.

Choice D is wrong because exanthema subitum (roseola) is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 or 7 and causes a high fever followed by a pink rash on the trunk and neck, but no oral lesions.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is a condition where fluid accumulates in the middle ear without signs of infection.

This can cause hearing loss, speech delay, and balance problems. The child may complain of a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear.

Choice A is wrong because a fever as high as 40° C (104° F) is a sign of acute otitis media, which is an infection of the middle ear with inflammation and pus formation.

Choice B is wrong because severe pain in the ear is also a sign of acute otitis media, not chronic otitis media with effusion.

Choice C is wrong because nausea and vomiting are not typical symptoms of chronic otitis media with effusion. They may be associated with other conditions such as gastroenteritis or vestibular disorders.

A. Respirations are abdominal B. Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy C. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy D. The presence of short, straight internal ear/throat structures and large tonsil/adenoid lymph tissue

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This is because toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of infants.

The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large. These two anatomic conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections.

Choice A is wrong because respirations are abdominal. This does not affect the susceptibility to infection.

Choice B is wrong because pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy. This also does not affect the susceptibility to infection.

Choice C is wrong because defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during

infancy. This is not true, as the defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with those of infancy.

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The nurse is performing an assessment on a child and notes the presence of Koplik’s spots. In which communicable disease are Koplik’s spots present?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse providing care to a child diagnosed with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) will assess for which sign/symptom?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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