The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which clinical manifestation would indicate pyloric stenosis?
Abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation
Rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds
Visible peristalsis and weight loss
Distention of lower abdomen and constipation
The Correct Answer is C
Visible peristalsis and weight loss. These are symptoms of pyloric stenosis, which is a thickening or narrowing of the pylorus, a muscle in the stomach that blocks food from entering the small intestine. Babies with pyloric stenosis often have forceful vomiting, which may cause dehydration.
Choice A is wrong because abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation are not typical signs of pyloric stenosis.
They may indicate other conditions such as appendicitis or bowel obstruction.
Choice B is wrong because a rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds are also not specific for pyloric stenosis.
They may be seen in other causes of vomiting or abdominal distension.
Choice D is wrong because distention of the lower abdomen and constipation are not related to pyloric stenosis.
They may be due to other problems such as Hirschsprung’s disease or intestinal atresia. Normal ranges for weight gain in infants depend on their age, sex, and feeding method. Generally, infants should gain about 25 to 35 grams per day in the first 3 months of life.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
If a child has acute epiglottitis, examination of the throat may cause complete obstruction and should be performed only when immediate intubation can take place.
This is because the inflamed epiglottis can block the airway and cause respiratory distress or failure.
Choice A is wrong because inspiratory stridor is a sign of upper airway obstruction that is aggravated when a child with epiglottitis is supine.
It is not caused by examining the throat with a tongue depressor.
Choice C is wrong because sore throat and pain on swallowing are early signs of epiglottitis, not precipitated by examining the throat with a tongue depressor.
Choice D is wrong because respiratory tract infection is the cause of epiglottitis, not a symptom or condition that is precipitated by examining the throat with a tongue depressor.
Epiglottitis is caused by H. influenzae in the respiratory tract.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Children with asthma who are taking long-term inhaled steroids should be assessed frequently to monitor for this increased risk because some studies have shown a growth delay in children treated with moderate to high doses of inhaled steroids. This appears to occur only during the first year of treatment and may be reversible.
Choice A is wrong because cough is not a side effect of inhaled steroids, but a symptom of asthma itself.
Choice B is wrong because osteoporosis is not a common side effect of inhaled steroids in children, but a possible risk for adults who use high doses of inhaled steroids or oral steroids.
Choice D is wrong because Cushing’s syndrome is not a side effect of inhaled steroids, but a rare complication of oral steroids.
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