The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which clinical manifestation would indicate pyloric stenosis?
Abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation
Rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds
Visible peristalsis and weight loss
Distention of lower abdomen and constipation
The Correct Answer is C
Visible peristalsis and weight loss. These are symptoms of pyloric stenosis, which is a thickening or narrowing of the pylorus, a muscle in the stomach that blocks food from entering the small intestine. Babies with pyloric stenosis often have forceful vomiting, which may cause dehydration.
Choice A is wrong because abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation are not typical signs of pyloric stenosis.
They may indicate other conditions such as appendicitis or bowel obstruction.
Choice B is wrong because a rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds are also not specific for pyloric stenosis.
They may be seen in other causes of vomiting or abdominal distension.
Choice D is wrong because distention of the lower abdomen and constipation are not related to pyloric stenosis.
They may be due to other problems such as Hirschsprung’s disease or intestinal atresia. Normal ranges for weight gain in infants depend on their age, sex, and feeding method. Generally, infants should gain about 25 to 35 grams per day in the first 3 months of life.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is a condition where fluid accumulates in the middle ear without signs of infection.
This can cause hearing loss, speech delay, and balance problems. The child may complain of a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear.
Choice A is wrong because a fever as high as 40° C (104° F) is a sign of acute otitis media, which is an infection of the middle ear with inflammation and pus formation.
Choice B is wrong because severe pain in the ear is also a sign of acute otitis media, not chronic otitis media with effusion.
Choice C is wrong because nausea and vomiting are not typical symptoms of chronic otitis media with effusion. They may be associated with other conditions such as gastroenteritis or vestibular disorders.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes diarrhea, pain, and bleeding in the colon. Stress and certain foods can trigger or worsen the symptoms, so it is important to teach the mother how to help her son cope with stress and avoid triggers.
Choice A is wrong because ulcerative colitis is not an infectious disease that can spread to others.
Choice B is wrong because ulcerative colitis causes diarrhea, not constipation. Nutritional guidance is important, but not the main focus of teaching.
Choice C is wrong because the daily use of enemas is not part of the treatment plan for ulcerative colitis. Enemas can irritate the colon and cause more inflammation.
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