The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?

“You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant’s formula.”.

“You should feed your baby every 2 hours.”.

“You may need to increase the amount of formula your infant eats with each feeding.”.

“You should place a nasal oxygen cannula on your infant during and after each feeding.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

“You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant’s formula.” This is because infants with heart failure have increased metabolic needs and may not be able to consume enough volume to meet their nutritional requirements. Increasing the caloric density of the formula can help them achieve adequate growth and development without overloading their heart.

Choice B is wrong because feeding the baby every 2 hours may cause fatigue and dehydration. Infants with heart failure should be fed every 3 to 4 hours or on demand.

Choice C is wrong because increasing the amount of formula may cause fluid retention and worsen heart failure. Infants with heart failure should be fed small, frequent amounts of formula.

Choice D is wrong because placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding may not be necessary or beneficial. Oxygen therapy should be prescribed by a physician based on the infant’s oxygen saturation levels and clinical signs of hypoxia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

choice D. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently and observe closely for signs of hypoglycemia. This is because a macrosomic infant (a newborn who’s much larger than average) is at risk of developing low blood sugar levels after birth, especially if the mother has diabetes. Hypoglycemia can cause neurological damage in the newborn, so it is important to detect and treat it promptly.

Choice A is wrong because leaving the infant in the room with the mother without monitoring the blood glucose levels may miss signs of hypoglycemia and delay treatment.

Choice B is wrong because taking the infant immediately to the nursery may separate the infant from the mother and interfere with breastfeeding, which can help prevent hypoglycemia.

Choice C is wrong because performing a gestational age assessment to determine whether the infant is large for gestational age is not urgent and does not address the risk of hypoglycemia.

Normal ranges for blood glucose levels in term infants are 2.6 mmol/L or higher at any time. A blood glucose level of 2.5 mmol/L or less is considered hypoglycemic.

A. Pulmonary stenosis B. Patent ductus arteriosus C. Ventricular septal defect D. Coarctation of the aorta

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because a patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart defect that involves a defect in which the fetal shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery fails to close. This causes a continuous machinery-like murmur that can be heard on auscultation.

Choice A is wrong because pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery that obstructs blood flow to the lungs. It causes a systolic ejection murmur that is best heard at the upper left sternal border.

Choice C is wrong because the ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the ventricles that allows blood to flow from the left to the right side of the heart. It causes a loud, harsh holosystolic murmur that is best heard at the left lower sternal border.

Choice D is wrong because coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta that reduces blood flow to the lower body. It causes a systolic murmur that radiates to the back and weak or absent femoral pulses.

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The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A macrosomic infant is born after a difficult forceps-assisted delivery. After stabilization, the infant is weighed, and the birth weight is 4550 g (9 lbs, 6 ounces). The nurse’s most appropriate action is to:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse assessing a premature newborn infant auscultates a continuous machinery-like murmur. This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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