Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections?
Respirations are abdominal
Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy
Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy
The presence of short, straight internal ear/throat structures and large tonsil/adenoid lymph tissue
The Correct Answer is D
This is because toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of infants.
The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large. These two anatomic conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections.
Choice A is wrong because respirations are abdominal. This does not affect the susceptibility to infection.
Choice B is wrong because pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy. This also does not affect the susceptibility to infection.
Choice C is wrong because defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during
infancy. This is not true, as the defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with those of infancy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Measles (rubeola) is a communicable disease that is characterized by Koplik’s spots, which are clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa opposite the lower molars. They appear two to three days before the measles rash and are pathognomonic for measles.
Choice A is wrong because rubella is a different viral infection that causes a mild rash and fever, but does not have Koplik’s spots.
Choice C is wrong because chickenpox (varicella) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and produces fluid-filled blisters on the skin, not white spots in the mouth.
Choice D is wrong because exanthema subitum (roseola) is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 or 7 and causes a high fever followed by a pink rash on the trunk and neck, but no oral lesions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
choice D. Make a follow-up home visit to parents as soon as possible after the infant’s death. This is because a competent, qualified professional should visit the family at home as soon as possible after the death and provide the family with printed information about SIDS.
Choice A is wrong because explaining how SIDS could have been predicted and prevented is inappropriate.
SIDS cannot be prevented or predicted. Discussions about the cause will only increase parental guilt.
Choice B is wrong because the parents should be asked only factual questions to determine the cause of death. Interviewing parents in-depth concerning the circumstances surrounding the infant’s death may be intrusive and stressful.
Choice C is wrong because parents should be allowed and encouraged to make a last visit with their infant. Discouraging parents from making a last visit with the infant may deprive them of an opportunity to say goodbye and grieve.
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