Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be perinatally transmitted:
Only in the third trimester from the maternal circulation.
By a needlestick injury at birth from unsterile instruments.
Only through the ingestion of amniotic fluid.
Through the ingestion of breast milk from an infected mother.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is choice D. Perinatal transmission of HIV is when HIV is passed from a woman with HIV to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Breast milk from an infected mother can contain HIV and infect the baby.
Choice A is wrong because HIV can be transmitted at any stage of pregnancy, not only in the third trimester.
Choice B is wrong because needlestick injury is not a common mode of perinatal transmission of HIV. It is more likely to occur among health care workers who are exposed to contaminated needles or sharp objects.
Choice C is wrong because HIV can also be transmitted through the ingestion of amniotic fluid, but it is not the only way. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects the baby in the womb.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
The parents should notify the physician if the infant has a temperature above 37.7° C (100° F), new frequent coughing, or turning blue or bluer
than normal. These are signs of infection, respiratory distress, or cyanosis, which could indicate complications after cardiac surgery.
Choice A is wrong because a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute at rest is within the normal range for an infant.
Choice B is wrong because an appetite slowly increasing is a positive sign of recovery and does not require immediate attention.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy caused by elevated levels of estrogen. Estrogen increases blood flow and causes the nasal mucosa to swell, leading to congestion and nosebleeds. This condition is called pregnancy rhinitis and affects up to 20% of pregnant women.
Choice B is wrong because this is not an abnormal cardiovascular change, and the nosebleeds are not an ominous sign. They are usually harmless and do not affect the pregnancy outcome.
Choice C is wrong because there is no evidence that the woman is a victim of domestic violence.
This is a serious accusation that should not be made without proper assessment and screening.
Choice D is wrong because there is no indication that the woman has been using cocaine intranasally. Cocaine use can cause nasal damage and bleeding, but it can also have other signs and symptoms such as agitation, euphoria, dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and risk of miscarriage or preterm labor.
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