Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be perinatally transmitted:

Only in the third trimester from the maternal circulation.

By a needlestick injury at birth from unsterile instruments.

Only through the ingestion of amniotic fluid.

Through the ingestion of breast milk from an infected mother.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is choice D. Perinatal transmission of HIV is when HIV is passed from a woman with HIV to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Breast milk from an infected mother can contain HIV and infect the baby.

Choice A is wrong because HIV can be transmitted at any stage of pregnancy, not only in the third trimester.

Choice B is wrong because needlestick injury is not a common mode of perinatal transmission of HIV. It is more likely to occur among health care workers who are exposed to contaminated needles or sharp objects.

Choice C is wrong because HIV can also be transmitted through the ingestion of amniotic fluid, but it is not the only way. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects the baby in the womb.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

The parents should notify the physician if the infant has a temperature above 37.7° C (100° F), new frequent coughing, or turning blue or bluer

than normal. These are signs of infection, respiratory distress, or cyanosis, which could indicate complications after cardiac surgery.

Choice A is wrong because a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute at rest is within the normal range for an infant.

Choice B is wrong because an appetite slowly increasing is a positive sign of recovery and does not require immediate attention.

A. Most mothers have a diet deficient in vitamin K, which results in the infant’s being deficient. B. Vitamin K prevents the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver and must be given by injection. C. Bacteria that synthesize vitamin K are not present in the newborn’s intestinal tract. D. The supply of vitamin K is inadequate for at least 3 to 4 months, and the newborn must be supplemented.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Bacteria that synthesize vitamin K is not present in the newborn’s intestinal tract. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, and newborns are at risk of bleeding problems due to their lack of vitamin K. Therefore, vitamin K is given by injection to prevent hemorrhagic disease in the newborn.

Choice A is wrong because most mothers do not have a diet deficient in vitamin K, and vitamin K deficiency in newborns is not related to the maternal diet.

Choice B is wrong because vitamin K does not prevent the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver, but rather enhances it. Prothrombin is a clotting factor that requires vitamin K for its production.

Choice D is wrong because the supply of vitamin K is not inadequate for at least 3 to 4 months, but rather for a few days until the newborn’s intestinal bacteria start producing it.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be perinatally transmitted:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is conducting discharge and teaches parents about the care of their infant after cardiac surgery. The nurse instructs the parents to notify the physician if the conditions occur. (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse administers vitamin K to the newborn for which reason?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play?

Which infant would be more likely to have Rh incompatibility?

Medications used to manage postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) include (Select all that apply.):.

A macrosomic infant is born after a difficult forceps-assisted delivery. After stabilization, the infant is weighed, and the birth weight is 4550 g (9 lbs, 6 ounces). The nurse’s most appropriate action is to:

The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?

Because a full bladder prevents the uterus from contracting normally, nurses intervene to help the woman empty her bladder spontaneously as soon as possible. If all else fails, the last thing the nurse could try is:

Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections?

The nurse is caring for a child with suspected diabetes insipidus. Which clinical manifestation would be observable?