The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient on the medical-surgical unit. Which patient should be taught about the possibility of an overwhelming infection?
Post chemotherapy
Diagnosed with sickle cell anemia
Diagnosed with multiple myeloma
Post-splenectomy patient
The Correct Answer is D
A. While patients receiving chemotherapy are at risk for infections due to immunosuppression, the risk of overwhelming infection, particularly from encapsulated bacteria, is higher in post-splenectomy patients due to impaired immune function without the spleen.
B. Patients with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk of infections, particularly from encapsulated bacteria, due to functional asplenia or hyposplenism, but the risk of overwhelming infection is highest in post-splenectomy patients.
C. Patients with multiple myeloma are immunocompromised and at increased risk of infections, but they do not have the same risk of overwhelming infection as post- splenectomy patients.
D. Post-splenectomy patients are at highest risk of overwhelming infection due to impaired immune function resulting from the absence of the spleen, which plays a crucial role in immune surveillance and defense against encapsulated bacteria.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While renal calculi (kidney stones) can cause renal issues, they are not directly related to diminished renal output in this scenario. Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is more pertinent to the patient's presentation of scant voiding and inability to eat or drink.
B. Diminished renal output, as evidenced by scant voiding, can be indicative of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia reduces kidney perfusion, leading to decreased urine output as the kidneys conserve fluid.
C. While inactivity can contribute to various health issues, it's not directly related to diminished renal output in this case. The primary concern is addressing the immediate physiological impact of decreased renal function.
D. While nephrotoxic drugs can impair renal function, there's no indication in the scenario that the patient has been exposed to such drugs. Thus, they are not directly relevant to the current situation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to various health problems, it is not a known risk factor for leukemia.
B. Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
C. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder and is not directly associated with an increased risk of leukemia.
D. Iron deficiency anemia is not a known risk factor for leukemia.
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