The nurse is reading a cardiac monitor of a patient and observes a regular rhythm, and the P waves have a sawtooth pattern. The nurse recognizes this as which arrhythmia?

Atrial flutter

Ventricular tachycardia

Atrial fibrillation

Sinus tachycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Atrial flutter is characterized by a regular rhythm with rapid atrial contractions (flutter waves) that have a sawtooth appearance on the ECG tracing.
B.   Ventricular tachycardia typically presents with a wide QRS complex and is often associated with hemodynamic instability.
C.   Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregularly irregular rhythm with no distinct P waves and irregular ventricular response.
D.   Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A. Auscultating the brachial pulse is not typically used to assess the patency of an arteriovenous fistula.
B. A thrill is a vibration felt over an arteriovenous fistula or graft and indicates proper blood flow. Palpation for thrill is a standard method to assess fistula patency.
C. Blood pressure measurement does not directly assess the patency of an arteriovenous fistula.
D. Auscultating the radial pulse is not typically used to assess the patency of an arteriovenous fistula.
E. A bruit is a swooshing sound heard over an arteriovenous fistula or graft and indicates turbulent blood flow. Auscultating for bruit is another method to assess fistula patency.
F. Palpate the right radial pulse: Palpating the radial pulse is not typically used to assess the patency of an arteriovenous fistula.

A. Hodgkin lymphoma B. Multiple myeloma C. Leukemia D. Hemophilia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While bone involvement can occur in Hodgkin lymphoma, it is not typically associated with a high risk of spontaneous pathological fractures compared to multiple myeloma.
B. Multiple myeloma is characterized by the destruction of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of spontaneous pathological fractures.
C. Leukemia primarily affects the bone marrow and may cause bone pain but does not typically lead to spontaneous pathological fractures.
D. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors and is not directly associated with an increased risk of spontaneous pathological fractures.

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The nurse is reading a cardiac monitor of a patient and observes a regular rhythm, and the P waves have a sawtooth pattern. The nurse recognizes this as which arrhythmia?

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