The nurse is reading a cardiac monitor of a patient and observes a regular rhythm, and the P waves have a sawtooth pattern. The nurse recognizes this as which arrhythmia?

Atrial flutter

Ventricular tachycardia

Atrial fibrillation

Sinus tachycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Atrial flutter is characterized by a regular rhythm with rapid atrial contractions (flutter waves) that have a sawtooth appearance on the ECG tracing.
B.   Ventricular tachycardia typically presents with a wide QRS complex and is often associated with hemodynamic instability.
C.   Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregularly irregular rhythm with no distinct P waves and irregular ventricular response.
D.   Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While controlling carbohydrate intake may be beneficial for managing blood glucose levels in some cases, it is not a primary dietary concern for chronic kidney disease.
B. Patients with chronic kidney disease often need to limit potassium intake because the kidneys may have difficulty excreting excess potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.
C. While protein restriction may be necessary in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease to reduce the workload on the kidneys, complete elimination of protein is not recommended.
D. Sodium restriction is often recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease to help control blood pressure and fluid balance.

A. Remove the abdominal dressings on the day of surgery. B. Encourage ambulation on the day of surgery. C. Place the client in a supine position postoperatively. D. Offer the client ice cream postoperatively.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Dressings are typically not removed on the day of surgery to allow for observation of any bleeding or drainage. Dressing removal is usually performed by the surgical team or as directed by the healthcare provider.
B. Encourage ambulation on the day of surgery: Ambulation is important for preventing complications such as deep vein thrombosis and atelectasis, and to promote healing.
C. Postoperative positioning depends on the type of surgery performed and any specific patient needs, but placing the client in a supine position may not address comfort or respiratory considerations.
D. Offering ice cream, which is high in fat, may not be tolerated well immediately after this type of surgery.

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The nurse is reading a cardiac monitor of a patient and observes a regular rhythm, and the P waves have a sawtooth pattern. The nurse recognizes this as which arrhythmia?

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