The nurse is calculating the estimated date of confinement (EDC) using Nagele's rule for a client whose last menstrual period started on December 1. Which date is most accurate?

Choice A rationale:

Perinatal transmission of HIV can occur not only in the third trimester but also during labor and delivery. It is not limited to the maternal circulation alone.

Choice B rationale:

While needlestick injuries are a potential risk for healthcare workers, perinatal transmission to the newborn does not occur through this route.

Choice C rationale:

HIV is not transmitted through the ingestion of amniotic fluid. The virus can be present in the amniotic fluid, but the main route of transmission to the newborn is during delivery or through breastfeeding.

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer. HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child through breastfeeding if appropriate antiretroviral therapy is not administered. Breast milk can contain the virus, putting the infant at risk of infection. Therefore, in cases where the mother is HIV-positive, formula feeding is recommended to prevent transmission of the virus to the newborn.

The correct answer ischoices A, C, D, and E.

Choice A rationale:

A respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute at rest is concerning in a pediatric client, as it may indicate respiratory distress or an underlying respiratory condition.

Choice B rationale:

An increasing appetite is generally a positive sign and not typically concerning unless accompanied by other symptoms.

Choice C rationale:

A temperature above 37.7° C (100° F) is concerning as it indicates fever, which could be a sign of infection or other medical conditions.

Choice D rationale:

New, frequent coughing is concerning as it may indicate respiratory infections, asthma, or other respiratory issues.

Choice E rationale:

Turning blue or bluer than normal (cyanosis) is a serious symptom indicating inadequate oxygenation and requires immediate medical attention.