During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes.
The nurse should recognize that this is:.

A normal finding

An abnormal finding: the child needs referral to an ophthalmologist

A sign of a possible visual defect; the child needs vision screening

A sign of small hemorrhages, which usually resolve spontaneously

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a sign of a healthy retina and optic nerve. The red reflex is the reflection of light from the retina that varies in color depending on the patient’s skin tone. It can be seen by holding the ophthalmoscope directly in front of your eye and asking the patient to focus on a point in the distance.

Choice B is wrong because an abnormal finding would be an absent or asymmetric red reflex, which could indicate cataracts, retinal detachment, or other eye diseases.

Choice C is wrong because a possible visual defect would not affect the red reflex, but rather the visual acuity or field of vision of the patient.

A vision screening would involve testing the patient’s ability to read letters or numbers at different distances.

Choice D is wrong because small hemorrhages would not cause a brilliant, uniform red reflex, but rather dark spots or blotches on the retina that can be seen with the ophthalmoscope.

Hemorrhages can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, or trauma.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Uterine atony.

This is when the uterus does not contract enough to stop the bleeding from the placental site after delivery. It is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, accounting for up to 80% of cases. Uterine atony can be caused by factors such as prolonged or augmented labor, large baby, multiple pregnancies, infection, or retained placenta.

The woman in question has some risk factors for uterine atony, such as a large baby and augmentation of labor with Pitocin.

The other choices are wrong because:

A . Retained placental fragments: This is when parts of the placenta remain attached to the uterine wall and prevent it from contracting properly. It is the second most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage.

However, there is no indication in the question that the woman had any difficulty with the delivery of the placenta or that it was incomplete

B. Unrepaired vaginal lacerations: This is when there are tears or cuts in the vagina or cervix that cause bleeding. It is a less common cause of postpartum hemorrhage.

However, there is no indication in the question that the woman had any trauma during delivery or that she was examined for lacerations

D. Puerperal infection: This is when there is an infection in the uterus or other parts of the reproductive tract after delivery.

It can cause fever, pain, and bleeding. It is a rare cause of postpartum hemorrhage.

However, there is no indication in the question that the woman had any signs or symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, or foul-smelling discharge.

Normal ranges for blood loss after delivery are less than 500 mL for vaginal birth and less than 1000 mL for C-section.

Any amount above these thresholds can be considered postpartum hemorrhage and requires prompt evaluation and treatment.

A. Cough B. Osteoporosis C. Slowed growth D. Cushing’s syndrome

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Children with asthma who are taking long-term inhaled steroids should be assessed frequently to monitor for this increased risk because some studies have shown a growth delay in children treated with moderate to high doses of inhaled steroids. This appears to occur only during the first year of treatment and may be reversible.

Choice A is wrong because cough is not a side effect of inhaled steroids, but a symptom of asthma itself.

Choice B is wrong because osteoporosis is not a common side effect of inhaled steroids in children, but a possible risk for adults who use high doses of inhaled steroids or oral steroids.

Choice D is wrong because Cushing’s syndrome is not a side effect of inhaled steroids, but a rare complication of oral steroids.

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During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. The nurse should recognize that this is:.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 25-year-old gravida 2, para 2-0-0-2 gave birth 4 hours ago to a 9-lb, 7-ounce boy after augmentation of labor with Pitocin. She puts on her call light and asks for her nurse right away, stating, “I’m bleeding a lot.” The most likely cause of afterbirth hemorrhage in this woman is:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

It is now recommended that children with asthma who are taking long-term inhaled steroids should be assessed frequently to monitor for increased risk of:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes.
The nurse should recognize that this is:.