The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? (Select All that Apply.)

The nasal passages are narrower.

The tongue is smaller.

There are significantly fewer alveoli.

The larynx is more funnel shaped.

The trachea and chest wall are less compliant.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Narrower nasal passages can lead to increased airway resistance and difficulty in breathing, as infants are primarily nasal breathers.

B. A smaller tongue does not directly contribute to respiratory compromise; however, it can pose a risk for airway obstruction if the tongue falls back against the oropharynx.

C. Significantly fewer alveoli mean less surface area for gas exchange, which can impair oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.

D. A more funnel-shaped larynx can predispose infants to upper airway obstruction and increase the work of breathing.

E. Less compliant trachea and chest wall make it harder for the infant to expand the lungs, leading to increased work of breathing and potential respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Body weight: Body weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as changes in weight directly reflect changes in fluid balance. Monitoring weight is essential for assessing dehydration and guiding fluid replacement therapy.

B. Skin integrity: While changes in skin turgor and skin integrity can be indicators of

dehydration, they are less reliable in infants, especially if they have certain skin conditions or are very young.

C. Respiratory ratE. Although increased respiratory rate can occur as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis associated with dehydration, it is not as reliable as changes in body weight for assessing fluid loss.

D. Blood pressurE. While blood pressure may be affected by severe dehydration, it is not as sensitive or practical as monitoring body weight for assessing fluid loss in infants.

A. Wash the hands and breasts thoroughly prior to breastfeeding. B. Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola. C. When finished, the mother can break the suction by firmly pulling the baby's mouth away from the nipple. D. Stroke the nipple against the baby's chin to stimulate wide opening of the baby's mouth.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Wash the hands and breasts thoroughly prior to breastfeeding: While hand hygiene is

important, washing the breasts thoroughly before breastfeeding is not recommended as it can remove natural oils that protect the skin and may cause irritation.

B. Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areolA. This is a recommended guideline for proper latching during breastfeeding. Ensuring that the baby's mouth covers both the nipple and the surrounding areola helps to facilitate effective milk transfer and prevents nipple pain or damage.

C. When finished, the mother can break the suction by firmly pulling the baby's mouth away from the nipplE. Breaking the suction by pulling the baby's mouth away can cause nipple

trauma. Instead, it's recommended to insert a clean finger into the corner of the baby's mouth to break the suction before removing the baby from the breast.

D. Stroke the nipple against the baby's chin to stimulate wide opening of the baby's mouth: This action may not effectively stimulate the baby to open wide and latch properly. It's better to use gentle pressure on the baby's chin or lower lip to encourage a wider latch

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The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? (Select All that Apply.)

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