The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? (Select All that Apply.)

The nasal passages are narrower.

The tongue is smaller.

There are significantly fewer alveoli.

The larynx is more funnel shaped.

The trachea and chest wall are less compliant.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Narrower nasal passages can lead to increased airway resistance and difficulty in breathing, as infants are primarily nasal breathers.

B. A smaller tongue does not directly contribute to respiratory compromise; however, it can pose a risk for airway obstruction if the tongue falls back against the oropharynx.

C. Significantly fewer alveoli mean less surface area for gas exchange, which can impair oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.

D. A more funnel-shaped larynx can predispose infants to upper airway obstruction and increase the work of breathing.

E. Less compliant trachea and chest wall make it harder for the infant to expand the lungs, leading to increased work of breathing and potential respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Can you stand very still while I feel how warm you are?": Toddlers may have difficulty understanding abstract requests or instructions. Asking a toddler to stand still to feel warmth may not effectively communicate the purpose of the assessment and may lead to confusion or

resistance.

B. "I am going to listen to your heart.": This statement provides clear, simple language that the toddler can understand. It prepares the child for the assessment and helps establish trust and cooperation.

C. "Can I listen to your lungs?": While this statement is appropriate for assessing respiratory sounds, it may not be as clear or specific as stating the intention to listen to the heart. Toddlers may not understand the term "lungs" as readily as "heart."

D. "I am going to take your blood pressure now.": This statement may cause anxiety or fear in the toddler, especially if they are unfamiliar with the procedure. It is important to prepare the child for each aspect of the assessment in a developmentally appropriate manner.

A. "Maintain a firm set of rules." B. Try to be open to his views." C. "Remind him that he is still your little boy." D. "Find out if his friends are worthy of him."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Maintain a firm set of rules."

While having rules is important, maintaining a rigid approach without considering the adolescent's perspective can lead to conflict and resistance. Adolescents often appreciate having a voice and being heard.

B. Try to be open to his views."

This option acknowledges the importance of valuing the adolescent's opinions and perspectives. Encouraging open communication fosters trust and mutual respect between parents and their adolescent children.

C. "Remind him that he is still your little boy."

Using this approach may unintentionally undermine the adolescent's growing sense of

independence and identity. It's essential to recognize and respect their transition into young adulthood.

D. "Find out if his friends are worthy of him."

While it's important to be aware of the adolescent's social circle, framing it in terms of the

friends being "worthy" may come across as judgmental. It's more effective to focus on fostering healthy relationships and providing guidance on making positive social choices.

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The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? (Select All that Apply.)

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